Understanding polar vortices on Earth by looking at other planets

极地涡旋是地球大气层的高度动态特征，在平流层（海拔10-50公里）中起着关键作用，在那里它们导致南半球的臭氧洞。当漩涡不稳定时，它也会导致地表极端寒冷的天气，例如2013/14年的冬天，整个英国都被雪覆盖。虽然我们对极地涡旋如何随时间演变的了解在过去十年中已经取得了很大进展，但仍然有很多我们不知道的。这包括尚未观察到的可能的持续涡旋状态。因此，我们可以通过考虑其他行星上的极地涡旋来获得对涡旋结构和演化的基本理解，其中许多已经在某种程度上被孤立地研究过，例如火星，金星，土星，木星和泰坦（土星的卫星）。项目目标和方法：将火星大气动力学变化与地球和其他行星体进行比较，从而有助于更全面地了解行星大气动力学。具体来说，-回顾我们目前对地球和行星极涡的理解。进一步发展我们的火星全球环流模型，以重现真实的火星气候。在模型中实现CO2冷凝（火星极地地区的重要过程）。对火星大气参数进行参数扰动，以了解它们对气候的影响。用于此分析的主要工具将是全球环流模型Isca，该模型主要由Co-I Vallis教授的团队开发。Isca是一个灵活的3D模型，可用于了解一系列类地行星和气体行星的大气环流，包括太阳系中的所有行星以及系外行星。该模型忠实地再现了地球，是比较类似地球的环流与其他行星环流的理想模型，以进一步了解基本的大气流动

Polar vortices are highly dynamical features of the Earth's atmosphere, and pay a critical role in the stratosphere (10-50 km in altitude) where they result in the ozone hole in the southern hemisphere. When the vortex destabilises, it can also cause extremely cold weather at the surface, such as the winter of 2013/14 when the whole UK was covered in snow. While our knowledge of how the polar vortex evolves over time has advanced a lot in the last decade, there is still much we do not know. This includes possible persistent vortex states that have yet to have been observed. Hence, we can gain fundamental understanding of the vortex structure and evolution by considering polar vortices on other planets, many of which have been studied in isolation to some degree already, e.g. Mars, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter and Titan (a moon of Saturn). Project Aims and Methods:To compare the Martian atmospheric dynamics changes with Earth and other planetary bodies, thereby helping to build a fuller understanding of planetary atmosphere dynamics. Specifically, - To review our current understanding of Earth and planetary polar vortices.- To further develop our Mars global circulation model to reproduce a faithful Martian climate.- To implement CO2 condensation (an important process in Martian polar regions) in the model.- To perform parameter perturbations of Martian atmospheric parameters, to understand their influence on climate. The main tool used for this analysis will be the global circulation model Isca, developed primarily in Co-I Prof Vallis' team. Isca is a flexible 3D model that can be used to understand the atmospheric circulation of a range of terrestrial and gas planets, including all planets in our solar system, as well as Exo-planets. The model gives a faithful reproduction of Earth, and is ideal for comparing Earth-like circulations with other planetary circulations to further our understanding of fundamental atmospheric flow