Purple White and Green: The Material Construction of Women's Suffrage 1832-1928

“穿的颜色作为一种义务和特权。永远不要被人看到没有你的徽章”（妇女社会和政治联盟，1908-12）。这个博士将调查选举权运动的物质历史，并通过解决以下问题为女性政治史研究带来新的维度：1）对象如何帮助支持选举权运动和构建集体身份; 2）选举权运动者所占用的物质文化类型，以及这是如何反映她们的社会地位/角色的。背景-妇女的选举权被广泛研究，关于19世纪末的选举权运动已经说了很多/世纪早期：特别是潘克赫斯特及其支持者的政治活动。然而，很少有人去探索选举权的广泛物质文化。这个博士将通过检查1）作为激进主义的回忆录，个人证词，警察报告，报纸和其他昙花一现的表达选举权对象的重要性来回应这一需求; 2）活动家如何使用消费文化来促进事业; 3）活动家如何创造身份，并以个人装饰和家庭领域等可访问的形式推销他们的政治议程。虽然在妇女的选举权时尚的使用是很好的研究（克劳福德，2013年;赫尔斯2009年），这博士将通过一个综合的文本和基于对象的检查所使用的更广泛的物质文化“投票妇女”和其他运动（例如陶器，珠宝，明信片，标语牌，按钮，横幅，甚至sufficienttte棋盘游戏）作出了原创性的贡献。精心构建的身份和激进的商品传播是创新的，利用当代消费主义创造了一个可识别的品牌，为运动带来了凝聚力，并传播了运动信息的意识。对物品的激进使用的研究将突出物质文化如何使被剥夺权利的人参与政治，特别是涉及性别和阶级。方法-本研究的主要数据将从英国主要的选举权收藏品中收集：伦敦博物馆（974件），曼彻斯特人民历史博物馆（30件），议会档案馆（20项反对意见; 86份警方报告; 20份请愿书; 400+相关信件），LSE妇女图书馆（146件个人选举权收藏品）、格拉斯哥妇女图书馆（20多件物品）、利兹博物馆和画廊（200多件物品）。我已获得这些档案的许可，可以访问本研究所需的材料。使用这些来源，这个博士的主要成果之一将是英国各地选举权收集的第一个综合目录，这将成为我随后分析的基础：1.检查关键文物是如何/在哪里制作的，以及活动家如何/在哪里部署它们。对象将被分类为组和子组，例如：蜉蝣：小册子，明信片;标牌：标语牌，横幅等。2.寻找文本，录音和照片中的对象表示，并将其与对象本身的研究相结合。例如，利兹博物馆有属于妇女参政者莱昂诺拉·科恩的文物，而伦敦政治经济学院妇女图书馆有她讨论她参与竞选活动的8小时以上的音频。到目前为止，这些来源仅用于传记研究，将它们汇集在一起将对所涉及的物质文化提供新的见解3。将从藏品中选择关键文物，以形成文物传记的主题，其中将包含更多关于生产，使用和所有权的细节，以及展示其持久意义的策展影响-从考古学的角度来看，这位博士将提供原始信息，说明物质文化的激进使用如何帮助妇女获得投票权。这项研究的传播将丰富博物馆的叙述，在1928年的百年纪念之前增加选举权文物的重要性，并为重新关注这些文物提供机会。

'Wear the colours as a duty and a privilege. Never be seen without your badge' (Women's Social & Political Union, 1908-12). This PhD will investigate the material history of the suffrage movement and bring a new dimension to research on women's political history by addressing: 1) How objects helped to support suffrage campaigns and construct collective identities; 2)The types of material culture appropriated by suffrage campaigners, and how this reflected their social status/roles.Context - Women's enfranchisement is widely researched and much has been said on the suffrage movement of the late 19th/early 20th century: particularly the political activities of the Pankhursts and their supporters. However, little has been done to explore the extensive material culture of suffrage. This PhD will respond to this need by examining 1) the importance of suffrage objects as expressions of radicalism in memoirs, personal testimonies, police reports, newspapers and other ephemera; 2) how campaigners used consumer culture to promote The Cause; 3) how campaigners created identities and marketed their political agenda in accessible forms such as personal adornment and the domestic sphere. While the use of fashion in women's suffrage is well studied (Crawford, 2013; Hels 2009) this PhD will make an original contribution through an integrated textual and object-based examination of the wider range of material culture used by 'Votes For Women' and other campaigns (e.g. crockery, jewellery, postcards, placards, buttons, banners, and even suffragette board games). The careful construction of identities, and radical dissemination of merchandise were innovative, drawing on contemporary consumerism to create a recognisable brand that brought cohesion to the movement and spread awareness of the campaign message. Research into the radical use of objects will highlight how material culture enabled the disenfranchised to become politically involved, with particular reference to gender and class. Methods - The primary data for this study will be collected from the main UK suffrage collections: Museum of London (974 objects), Manchester People's History Museum (30 objects), Parliament Archives (20 objects; 86 police reports; 20 petitions; 400+ related correspondence), LSE Women's Library (146 suffrage collections of individuals), Glasgow Women's Library (20+ objects), Leeds Museums & Galleries (200+ objects). I have permission from these archives to access the materials required for this study. Using these sources, one of the key outcomes of this PhD will be the first integrated catalogue of suffrage collections across the UK, this will form the basis for my subsequent analysis:1.Examine how/where key artefacts were made and how/where they were deployed by activists. Objects will be categorised into groups and subgroups e.g; Ephemera: pamphlets, postcards; Signage: placards, banners,' etc2.Look for representations of objects in text, audio recordings and photographs and integrate them with study of the objects themselves. E.g. Leeds Museum has artefacts belonging to suffragette Leonora Cohen, while LSE women's library have 8+ hrs audio of her discussing her involvement in the campaigns. So far these sources have been utilised for biographical study only, bringing them together here will give new insights on the material culture involved3.Key artefacts will be selected from the collections to form the subject of artefact biographies which will incorporate more detail on production, use and ownership, as well as curation to demonstrate their enduring significanceImpact - From an archaeological perspective, this PhD will contribute original information on how radical use of material culture helped women to achieve voting rights. Dissemination of this research will enrich museum narratives, increase the significance of suffrage artefacts before the full centenary in 1928, and offer opportunities for renewed intere