Social reproduction in European Environmental Protest Camp Movements: Ende Gelände and Reclaim the Power

最新的联合国报告警告说，限制严重气候变化的时间只剩下12年(IPCC，2018)。我们如何组织回应成为一个相关的问题，特别是与基层政治组织有关的问题。这项提议旨在分析德国和英国两个最著名的社会运动组织如何得到支持和维持，以了解当代基层政治应对气候危机的动力、潜力和局限性。它将汇集社会运动研究和女权主义政治理论的论点，以帮助理解组织如何利用替代机构、事件和文化实践来社会复制其政治活动。特别是，它审查了抗议营地的作用，抗议营地是临时占领，越来越多地被运动用作政治活动的基地，并试验和展示替代的社会模式。研究问题1.女权主义理论如何有助于更好地理解社会运动的日常复制及其成功？2.运动机构、实际项目和基础设施在这些抗议营地运动中扮演什么角色？3.抗议营地在理解当代直接行动方面的政治意义是什么？实证研究方法本项目使用一套定性的研究方法来探索上述案例研究的社会复制、社会关系和基础设施资源。对于这些方法中的每一个部分，我在运动中的地位都将是重要的：作为一名参与英国气候运动一段时间的研究员，对我来说，发现关键问题、紧张局势和情绪的挑战将小得多(Denscombe，2017，第83页)。首先，将使用人种学参与者对这两个运动的观察，基于在抗议营地和参与两个运动活动的几个时期的研究。人种学的参与者观察将捕捉事件的主观情绪、感觉和语气，为原本可能被解读为枯燥、疏远和脱节的分析解释贡献描述性的血肉。(Juris和Khasnabish，2013，第3页)。我将侧重于活动家作为知识生产者的作用，鼓励他们绘制营地的各个方面的地图，包括他们的运动历史、营地的形成和他们关注的目标，研究的这一部分为解决RQ1提供了大量数据，但也提供了RQ2和RQ3的数据。其次，将对来自每个小组的10-15名积极分子进行半结构化访谈，以深入了解所使用的各种经验和组织技巧，特别是帮助解决RQ2问题。访谈将集中在露营者对营地的解释以及他们对营地内社会互动的描述(Blaikie，2010，p.207)。他们的选择将基于他们在组织抗议营地方面的经验水平。最后，将分析来自难民营的文件数据，包括难民营发布的“外部”通信和宣传，以及难民营内部使用的“内部”指南和讨论文件。批评性话语分析将把话语实践、事件和文本与更广泛的社会和文化系统联系起来(Fairclough in Locke，2004，p.1)。这些文本将有助于揭示辩论、基础设施实践、剧目以及组织者对世界如何、他们在其中的位置以及他们希望世界如何变化的地缘政治想象的理解。

The most recent UN report has warned that there are only twelve years left to limit severe climate change (IPCC, 2018). How we organise in response becomes a pertinent question particularly in relation to grassroots political organising. This proposal aims to analyse how two of the most prominent social movement organisations in Germany and the UK are supported and sustained in order to understand the dynamics, potential and limitations of the contemporary grassroots political responses to the climate crisis. It will bring together arguments from social movement studies and feminist political theory in order to contribute to understandings of how organisations use alternative institutions, events and cultural practices for the social reproduction of their political activity. In particular, it examines the role of protest camps, temporary occupations that are used increasingly by movements as bases for political activity and for experimenting with and demonstrating alternative models of society. Research questions1. How can feminist theory inform better understanding of social movements everyday reproduction, and their success?2. What role do movement institutions, practical projects & infrastructure play within these protest camp movements?3. What is the political significance of protest camps in understanding contemporary direct action?Empirical Research MethodsThe project uses a set of qualitative research methods to explore the social reproduction, social relations and infrastructural resourcing of the case studies described above. For each of these methodological components my position in the movements will be significant: as a researcher who has been a part of the British climate movement for some time, it will be far less challenging for me to uncover key issues, tensions and emotions (Denscombe, 2017, p.83).Firstly, ethnographic participant observation of both movements will be used, based on several periods of study situated in the protest camps and participating in the activity of both movements. Ethnographic participant observation will 'capture the subjective mood, feeling, and tone' of events'contributing descriptive flesh to what might otherwise read as dry, distant, and disengaged analytic accounts.' (Juris and Khasnabish, 2013, p.3). I will focus on the role of the activists as knowledge producers encouraging them to map various aspects of the camps including their movement histories, the formation of the camps and the targets they have focussed on, with this component of the research providing much of the data for addressing RQ1 but also feeding into RQ2 and RQ3. Second, semi-structured interviews will be made with 10-15 activists from each group to provide insight into the various experiences and organisational techniques used, in particular helping address RQ2. Interviews will focus on the campers' interpretation of the camps and their accounts of the social interaction within them (Blaikie, 2010, p.207). They will be chosen based on their level of experience in organising the protest camps. Finally, documentary data from the camps will be analysed including 'external' communication and publicity put out by the camps and 'internal' guides and discussion documents used within the camps. Critical discourse analysis will relate discursive practices, events and texts to wider social and cultural systems (Fairclough in Locke, 2004, p.1). These texts will help uncover the debates, infrastructural practices, repertoires and understandings of the organisers of their geopolitical imaginations of how the world is, where they fit into it and how they would like it to change.