The Age friendly Movement Policy in Manchester: The Creation of Sustainable changes to Active Ageing: A Longitudinal Study

关于老年人生活质量的研究确定了居家养老、社区意识和社会关系对于积极和成功地老龄化的重要性。根据这些发现，世界卫生组织强调了实现晚年生活质量的八个方面：住房，交通，尊重和社会包容，社会参与，社会和公民参与，户外空间和建筑，社区支持和卫生服务以及沟通和信息。我们从这一系列工作中了解到，城市有很大的潜力让老年人过上更好的生活，而社会参与、自主和支持性的家庭和邻里环境是实现这一目标的关键。然而，令人惊讶的是，人们对现实生活中的干预措施对参与者在城市环境中的日常生活体验的影响知之甚少。虽然已经有一些关于老年友好项目的成功和失败的研究，但很少有学术研究考虑这些项目的目的是什么，以及是否改善老年人的生活质量。通过关注曼彻斯特的老年友好运动，本研究旨在通过考虑其对生活质量已知领域的影响，创建一个评估老年友好项目成功的工作框架。因此，这项研究将调查现实生活中的老年友好项目，通常在具有挑战性的条件下工作，是否可以为老年人带来积极的影响。城市老年人的生活经验是由政策、项目的创建和应用方式形成并持续影响的。我的主人的建议将检查两个不同的年龄友好的项目，从曼彻斯特内的两个不同的城市环境。本论文的目的是探讨不同的环境条件对老年人友好政策制定的影响。这将包括确定如何以及哪些生活质量领域被有意识地纳入项目，决策者对这些领域的认识程度，以及他们如何积极寻求做出旨在应对城市挑战的改变。在每个项目中，我将进行八个一小时（约）与一系列政策制定者和服务提供者的访谈。这些可能包括例如资助者，项目经理，筹款人和设计师。采访政策制定者将使他们能够传达年龄友好的曼彻斯特政策是如何被城市环境塑造的，并让我调查生活质量领域是否以及如何在年龄友好的项目中概念化。博士项目将是一个长期的纵向研究，重点是三个进一步的年龄友好的项目，每个项目处于不同的发展阶段。这包括一个预期的项目、一个正在执行的项目和一个已经确定的项目。本研究将从纵向的角度关注参与者的生活体验。我将研究每个项目的两组相似的参与者。每个地点的第一组将由8名决策者组成，第二组由8名较年长的项目参与者组成，共有48名受访者。我将遵循一个预先确定的框架，对每个受访者进行三次连续的半结构化面试。第一次面试将集中在以前的经验与年龄友好的项目，第二次基于目前的经验，第三次将结合联合收割机收集的信息，从两个采访，以描述个人的具体经验与该项目。我将在头两年进行这些采访，在我博士学位的第三年进行最终分析，写作和政策参与。该项目将有助于学术知识和援助未来的项目评估。

Research on quality of life in older age identifies the importance of ageing in place, sense of community, and social relationships for active and successful ageing. Drawing from these findings, the World Health Organisation emphasise eight areas for achieving quality of life in later life: housing, transportation, respect and social inclusion, social participation, social and civic engagement, outdoor spaces and buildings, community support and health services and communication and information. We know from this body of work that there is great potential in cities for older people's lives to be lived better, and that social participation, autonomy and supportive home and neighbourhood environments are key in achieving this. Nevertheless, there is surprisingly little known about the impact of real-life interventions on participants' day-to-day lived experience in urban environments. Whilst there has been some research on the successes and downfalls of age-friendly projects, there are very few academic studies that consider how such projects aim to, and do or do not, improve quality of life for older people. By focussing on the age-friendly movement in Manchester, this study aims to create a working framework for evaluating the success of age-friendly projects, by considering their impact on known domains of quality of life. This research will therefore investigate whether real-life age-friendly projects, often working under challenging conditions, can make a positive difference for older people. The lived experience of older people in cities is formed and continuously affected by policy, and the way projects are created and applied. My Master's proposal will examine two different age-friendly projects from two different urban environments within Manchester. The aim of the dissertation will be to explore the effects that different environmental conditions have on age-friendly policy making. This will include identifying how and which quality of life domains are consciously inserted into projects, how aware policy makers are of these domains, and how they actively seek to make changes aimed at combating urban challenges. Within each project, I will undertake eight one-hour (approx.) interviews with a range of policy makers and service providers. These might include for example funders, project manager, fundraisers and designers. Interviewing policy makers will enable them to communicate how age-friendly Manchester policy is being shaped by the urban circumstances and allow me to investigate whether and how quality of life domains are conceptualised in age-friendly projects. The Doctoral project will be a longitudinal study over an extended period, focusing on three further age-friendly projects, each at different stages of development. These will include an anticipated project, a project being implemented, and a project which has been firmly established. This research will focus on participants' lived experiences in longitudinal perspective. I will study two similar groups of participants from each project. The first group from each site will consist of eight policy makers, and the second of eight older participants of the project, with 48 interviewees in all. I will be following a pre-determined frame of three consecutive semi-structured interviews with each interviewee. The first interview will centre on the previous experiences with the age-friendly project, the second based on current experience, and the third will combine the gathered information from both interviews to describe the individuals specific experience with the project. I will undertake these interviews within the first two years, with the third year of my PhD for final analysis, writing up and policy involvement. This project will contribute to academic knowledge and aid of future assessments of projects.