Building Models of the Universe with Hydrodynamic Simulations

流体动力学模拟已经成为宇宙学家的首选工具，用于模拟宇宙中大规模结构的组装，从星系到星系团再到宇宙网。所涉及的过程是高度非线性的，涉及重子和暗物质组分之间复杂的相互作用。虽然这种相互作用是由引力驱动的，但天体物理过程，如恒星和超大质量黑洞的形成，以及这些来源向周围气体（通过强大的星系外流）的能量反馈，也需要纳入其中，以建立观测到的星系和星团人口的现实模型。作为计算宇宙学家国际合作的处女座联盟的一部分，我们目前正在开发利用计算能力和模拟代码的最新进展的下一代模拟。在这个项目中，学生将有机会参与这些新模拟的开发，并利用所得数据对星系团的性质做出新的预测，特别是反馈如何影响其星系和热气体的性质。

Hydrodynamic simulations have become the cosmologist's tool of choice for modelling the assembly of large-scale structure in the Universe, from galaxies to clusters to the cosmic web. The processes involved are highly non-linear, involving complex interactions between the baryonic and dark matter components. While such interactions are driven by gravity, astrophysical processes such as the formation of stars and super-massive black holes, and the feedback of energy from these sources to the surrounding gas (via powerful galactic outflows) also need to be incorporated to make realistic models of the observed galaxy and cluster population. As part of the Virgo consortium, an international collaboration of computational cosmologists, we are currently developing the next generation of these simulations that exploit recent advances in computing power and simulation codes. In this project, the student will have the opportunity to participate in the development of these new simulations and exploit the resulting data to make new predictions for the properties of galaxy clusters, in particular how the feedback affects the properties of their galaxies and hot gas.