Diatomic Molecules as probes of sunspot magnetic field strength

测量太阳黑子内部的磁场对于理解控制太阳大气加热的机制、太阳活动区域的动力学以及耀斑和日冕物质抛射释放的能量至关重要。迄今为止，在太阳黑子中发现了大约70个双原子分子。DKIST望远镜的出现开启了将这些双原子分子与现有原子探针结合使用的可能性，从而增强了磁、热和动态诊断。它们也是一个很大程度上未被探索的诊断，可能会导致新的，意想不到的机会，例如M矮星，冷恒星。该项目的目的是：1)为太阳黑子中感兴趣的双原子整理并提供一个理论上经过验证的实验线列表（波长和相应强度）目录，2)开发计算模型来模拟分子光谱如何随太阳黑子内典型磁场强度的变化，从而3)探索作为太阳黑子磁场强度探测器的双原子。将探索在新的设施或任务（例如DKIST，太阳轨道器）中使用高分辨率光谱仪探测分子线的机会。

Measuring the magnetic field within sunspots is pivotal to understanding the mechanisms governing the heating of the solar atmosphere, the dynamics of solar active regions, and the energy released in flares and coronal mass ejections.To date around 70 diatomic molecules have been detected in sunspots. The advent of the DKIST telescope opens up the possibility of using these diatomic molecules in conjunction with existing atomic probes to give enhanced magnetic, thermal and dynamic diagnostics. They are also a largely unexplored diagnostic that may lead to new, unanticipated opportunities e.g. M dwarfs, cool stars. The aims of this project are to i) curate and make available online a catalogue of theoretically verified experimental line lists (wavelengths and corresponding intensities) for diatomics of interest in sunspots, ii) develop computational models to simulate how the molecular spectra changes with magnetic field strengths typical within sunspots and thus iii) explore diatomics as probes of sunspot magnetic field strength. The opportunity to detect molecular lines using high-resolution spectrometers at new facilities or missions (e.g. DKIST, Solar Orbiter) will be explored.