Disparity Processing in Sensory and Motor Functions

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案调查了扫视凝视转移对表面倾斜感知的潜在益处和限制，用双眼视差线索感知。倾斜知觉是基于几个视网膜和视网膜外线索。视网膜线索包括水平和垂直视差模式和视网膜偏心率。视网膜外线索包括有关版本和聚散眼位置的信息。它们的不确定性或噪声水平限制了这些线索被表示的准确性。与视网膜线索相关的不确定性的量随视网膜图像位点而变化。当目标在中央凹的高分辨率区域附近成像时，表面倾斜被毫不费力地感知。当目标在外围成像时，例如当比较广泛分离的目标的倾斜时，倾斜更难以估计，并且一次只能在中央凹上成像一个目标。视线转移可以在几个方面促进倾斜分辨率。他们可以通过在双眼单视功能附近的中央凹上顺序成像来提高宽间距目标的视网膜线索的分辨率。它们还可以提供用于感测相对于头部的表面倾斜的目标的距离和方向的视网膜外信号。然而，眼睛运动也可能限制倾斜分辨率，如果不确定性的版本和聚散眼睛运动在视线转移过程中是大于不确定性的垂直视差模式和视网膜图像位置的目标与静止的眼睛周围观看。眼球运动也可以通过缩短观看持续时间和在顺序观看的刺激之间引入时间延迟来引入倾斜辨别的时间限制。该建议研究了视觉感觉和运动系统如何使用扫视凝视移位进行交互，以减少各种噪声源并提高视网膜视差倾斜线索的质量。这种噪声降低应该扩大高分辨率立体倾斜感知的空间范围。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal investigates the potential benefits and limitations imposed by saccadic gaze shifts on surface slant perception, sensed with binocular disparity cues. Slant percepts are based on several retinal and extra-retinal cues. Retinal cues include horizontal and vertical disparity patterns and retinal eccentricity. Extra-retinal cues include information about version and vergence eye position. Their uncertainty or noise levels limit the accuracy with which these cues are represented. The amount of uncertainty associated with retinal cues varies with retinal image locus. Surface slant is sensed effortlessly when targets are imaged near the high-resolution region of the fovea. Slant is more difficult to estimate when targets are imaged in the periphery such as when comparing slant of widely separated targets and only one target can be imaged on the fovea at a time. Gaze shifts could facilitate slant resolution in several ways. They could improve resolution of retinal cues of widely spaced targets by imaging them sequentially on the fovea near the horopter. They could also provide extra-retinal signals for distance and direction of targets that are used to sense surface slant relative to the head. However, eye movements might also limit slant resolution if uncertainty about version and vergence eye movements during gaze shifts was greater than uncertainty of vertical disparity patterns and retinal image position of targets viewed peripherally with a stationary eye. Eye movements could also introduce temporal limitations for slant discrimination by shortening viewing duration, and introducing time delays between sequentially viewed stimuli. This proposal investigates how the visual sensory and motor systems interact using saccadic gaze shifts to reduce various sources of noise and improve the quality of retinal disparity cues for slant. This noise reduction should expand the spatial range of high-resolution stereo-slant perception.