Sugar and Slate: A labour history of the Pennants' Estates in Jamaica and North Wales 1700 - 1950

彭林城堡在班戈尔，北威尔士是一个持久的纪念碑的财富彭南特家族，牙买加种植园主和板岩采石场实业家在北威尔士。彭南特拥有和管理的甘蔗种植园在加勒比地区，工作的奴役，契约和后来的自由劳动者，而在同一时间运行Penrhyn Quarry.This研究将考虑在牙买加和北威尔士的发展相互影响，以呈现一个纠结的劳动历史的现实。同时研究两个劳动力地点将使思想和实践的双向交流得到审查。该项目将使历史学家和广大公众更好地了解牙买加的变化对英国劳动力发展的影响，反之亦然。这项研究将确定管理思想和实践在采石场和种植园之间的传递。它还将探讨在这两个不同的，但连接的位置在劳工抵抗和抗议的异同。集体行动和工会化发生在这两个网站，使我能够调查存在的跨境意识和团结。彭南特庄园的历史有限，但家族档案中许多未使用的资源提供了一个机会，可以创建一个更全面的比较劳动历史（Evans 2010，Burnard 2011，林赛1974）。该项目将采用一种全球性的方法来研究劳工历史，以便更好地了解英国和加勒比地区的劳工发展情况。它还将寻求为公众如何更好地理解错综复杂的历史的现实提供建议。本项目旨在回答以下问题：牙买加彭南特甘蔗种植园和北威尔士彭林板岩采石场的劳动历史之间有何异同？这些相似之处和不同之处的意义是什么？种植园主和采石场主的双重角色在多大程度上影响了彭南特人的决策？两地劳工的抵抗和管理层的反应有何异同？研究跨地域劳动力历史有何益处，比较方法如何更好地反映劳动力全球发展的现实？彭林城堡应该如何向今天的游客展示彭南特家族的劳动历史？为了回答这些问题，我将仔细阅读信件，报告，会议记录和地图，涉及英国和加勒比地区的劳动力与定量和定性的方法。我会比较两地在劳工管理方面的转变和经验，以找出两者的异同。我打算从档案材料中构建与公司支出和收入相关的数据集，以调查劳动力性质随时间的变化与每个站点不断变化的盈利能力的关系。这将使我能够将劳工和劳工管理的经验与经济表现分析结合起来，其结果将是按时间顺序排列的三角旗劳工地点的比较历史，从而使殖民地和大都市之间的相似性和差异得到承认。这段历史将在大西洋和全球资本主义更广泛发展的背景下呈现。家庭财富的体现，Penrhyn城堡的物理存在，现在是国民托管组织的网站，为这段历史提供了一个机会，让公众参与。我希望与彭林城堡，以确保游客可以了解彭南特的全球劳动历史和学校教师，使学生可以访问的材料可以创建。

Penrhyn Castle in Bangor, North Wales is a lasting monument to the fortune of the Pennant family, Jamaican plantation owners and slate quarry industrialists in North Wales. The Pennants owned and managed sugar plantations in the Caribbean, worked on by enslaved, indentured and later free labourers, while at the same time running Penrhyn Quarry.This research will consider the impact that developments in Jamaica and North Wales had on each other in order to present the reality of an entangled labour history. Studying both locations of labour alongside each other will enable the bidirectional exchange of ideas and practices to be examined. The project will empower historians and the wider public to better understand the impact that changes in Jamaica had on Britain's labour development and vice versa.This study will identify where management thought and practice passed between the quarry and plantations. It will also explore the similarities and differences in labour resistance and protest in these two disparate but connected locations. Collective action and unionisation took place on both sites, enabling me to investigate the existence of cross-border awareness and solidarity. Limited histories of the Pennant's estates currently exist, but many unused sources in the family's archives provide an opportunity to create a much fuller comparative labour history (Evans 2010, Burnard 2011, Lindsay 1974). This project will use a global approach to labour history to afford a better understanding of labour's development both in Britain and the Caribbean. It will also seek to provide suggestions for how the reality of an entangled history might be better understood by the public. This project aims to answer the following questions:What are the parallels and differences between the labour histories of the Pennants' sugar plantation in Jamaica, and the Penrhyn slate quarry in North Wales? What is the significance of these parallels and differences?How far did the dual role of plantation and quarry owner influence decisions made by the Pennants?What are the similarities and differences of labour resistance and management's response in both locations?What are the benefits of studying cross-geography labour histories and how does a comparative approach better reflect the reality of labour's global development?How should Penrhyn Castle present the Pennant family's labour history to its visitors today?To answer these questions, I will closely read letters, reports, minutes, and maps which relate to both British and Caribbean sites of labour with a quantitative and qualitative approach. I will compare the changes in labour management and experience in both places to reveal similarities and differences. I intend to construct data sets relating to company expenditure and income from the archival material in order to investigate the changing nature of labour over time in relation to the changing profitability of each site. This will enable me to contextualise the experience of labour and labour management with analysis of economic performance.The result will be chronologically structured comparative history of the Pennant's sites of labour which enables similarities and differences between the colony and metropole to be recognised. This history will be presented within the context of broader developments in Atlantic and global capitalism.The physical presence of the manifestation of the family's wealth, Penrhyn Castle, now a National Trust site, provides an opportunity for this history to be engaged with by the public. I hope to work with Penrhyn Castle to ensure that visitors can learn about the Pennants' global labour history and schoolteachers so that accessible materials for students can be created.