An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding Rural Resistance in Nazi-Occupied France

研究建议摘要2020年10月（可能会在2021年10月开始博士学位更新）该项目旨在更好地了解个人层面战时阻力背后的驱动因素。它渴望研究为什么有些人在特定的情况下决定抵抗而另一些人没有。更具体地说，它分析的选择和行为的农业工人阶级在法国大部分农村地区的占领期间，并建立一个农村贡献者的抵抗社会学概况。1940年6月，战败的法国在菲利普·贝当元帅的领导下，失去了160万战俘，他承诺要继续下去，恢复伟大。然而，由于难民的到来以及为赖希征用农产品和强迫劳动的计划，农村人口感到不安。地下武装抵抗组织或游击队出现了，他们严重依赖当地农民社区的食物、住所和装备，但各地的支持程度各不相同。本项目通过对利穆赞和多尔多涅两个案例的研究，探讨了这些人口在占领期间对他们日常生活的变化所作的各种反应。这两个地区大部分都是农村，靠近占领区和非占领区的分界线，在维希政权的管理下，直到1942年11月德国完全占领法国。首要的研究问题是“是什么促使某些农村社区的一些成员决定参与反对维希政府和占领者的党派行动？”为了回答这个问题，本研究着重于几个子问题。性别和种族是如何与决策交叉的？社会经济因素对决策的重要性如何？这些地区的位置在多大程度上具有影响力？随着合作性质的改变和该地区被占领，诸如战争进程和维希政策等外部因素发挥了什么作用？

Research Proposal Summary October 2020 (may be updated on beginning PhD in October 2021)This project aims to better understand the drivers behind wartime resistance at the level of the individual. It aspires to investigate the puzzle of why some people in a given circumstance decide to resist while others do not. More specifically, it analyses the choices and behaviours of the agricultural working class across a largely rural region of France during the Occupation and builds a sociological profile of a rural contributor to the Resistance. In June 1940 a defeated France, deprived of 1.6 million prisoners of war, was led by Marshal Philippe Pétain who promised continuity and a return to greatness. However rural populations were unsettled by the arrival of refugees and programmes requisitioning agricultural produce and forced labour for the Reich. Underground armed resistance groups or maquis emerged who relied heavily on the local peasant communities for food, shelter, and equipment, but the level to which support was forthcoming varied from locality to locality. This project interrogates the variety of responses these populations made to these changed contexts of their daily lives during the Occupation by focusing on two case studies, the Limousin and Dordogne. Both areas were largely rural, close to the demarcation line between the occupied zone and the unoccupied zone and under the administration of the Vichy regime until November 1942 when the Germans took full occupation of France. The overarching research question is 'what prompted the decision of some members of certain rural communities to become involved in partisan action against the Vichy government and the Occupier?' In order to answer this, this study focuses on several sub questions. How did gender and ethnicity intersect with decisions? How central were socio-economic factors to decision-making? To what extent was the location of these areas influential? What role did external factors such as the course of the war and Vichy policies play as the nature of collaboration changed and the region became occupied?