Valuing Life and Labour at the Borders of Africa and Europe: Migration, Racialisation and Class Formation in Morocco

本研究考虑了阶级形成和种族化的相互关联的社会进程如何参与摩洛哥新的国家移民和庇护战略（2013年）的持续制度化，这是未来管理西北非洲非洲-欧洲和非洲内部移民的关键政策包。它提供了一个以丹吉尔为中心的民族志，丹吉尔是一个战略性的港口城市和经济中心。在这里，来自撒哈拉以南非洲各地的“正常”和“非正常”移徙途径的不同群体被这一新的移徙管理基础设施的制度化以不同的方式“融合”和“排斥”。通过城市空间的治安和生产、当地劳动过程的特点和节奏以及撒哈拉以南非洲新城市文化的出现，阐明了对移民流动的治理。这项研究追溯了通过这些城市社会过程的阶级形成和种族化过程的衔接。在这样做的过程中，它的基础上一系列重要的辩论-关于移民和边界的劳动关系的意义，当代资本主义的种族和殖民性质，以及当前面临的社会再生产的挑战人民和政府-在世俗的现实，不跨越欧盟的外部边界的摩洛哥撒哈拉以南地区的人种学和制度分析。这一点至关重要，因为移民管理、种族化和阶级形成的明确过程最终是通过人们的生活关系发生的。即使是在摩洛哥的非洲-欧洲边界这样一个具有国际重要性的地方，也需要从这种角度来理解它们。对秘密移徙的过度关注（在政策导向和更重要的移徙研究中）需要辅之以关注摩洛哥的“正常”和“非正常”移徙途径是如何共同构成的。摩洛哥目前正在将自己标榜为移徙管理方面的世界领导者，并作为其他非洲国家的榜样，使其成为一个特别重要的案例研究。这项研究对劳工和反种族主义运动、人道主义和团结倡议以及在中欧-欧盟边界两侧的移民政策制定者具有广泛的相关性和紧迫的重要性。这将是感兴趣的任何人谁想要了解的作用，当代制度的移民管理在西北非洲的社会经济不平等和种族化的社会身份的永久化和转变。

This research considers how interrelated social processes of class formation and racialisation attend the ongoing institutionalisation of the new National Strategy on Immigration and Asylum in Morocco (2013), a critical policy package for the future management of African-European and intra-African migrations inNorth West Africa. It offers an ethnography centred in Tangier, a strategically situated port city and economic hub. Here, diverse groups of people from across sub-Saharan Africa on 'regular' and 'irregular' migration pathways are differently 'integrated' and 'excluded' by the institutionalisation of this newinfrastructure of migration management. The governance of migratory flows is articulated through the policing and production of city spaces, the character and rhythms of local labour processes, and the related emergence of novel sub-Saharan urban cultures. This research traces the articulation of processesof class formation and racialisation through these urban social processes. In doing so, it grounds a series of important debates - concerning the significance of migration and bordering for labour relations, the racial and colonial nature of contemporary capitalism, and current challenges of social reproduction facing people and governments - in an ethnographic and institutional analysis of the mundane realities of not crossing the EU's external borders for sub-Saharans in Morocco. This is essential as articulated processes of migration management, racialisation and class formation ultimately occur through the lived relations of people. They need to be understood in such terms, even at such an internationally significant site as the African European borderlands of Morocco. The over-interest in clandestine migration (in policy orientated and more critical migration research) needs to be supplemented with attention to how 'regular' and 'irregular' migration pathways are co-constituted in Morocco. Morocco is currently branding itself as a world leader in migration management, and as an example for other African nations, making it an especially important case study. This research is of broad relevance and pressing importance for labour and anti-racist movements, humanitarian and solidarity initiatives, and migration policy-makers on both sides of the Morocco-EU border. It will be of interest to anyone who wants to understand the role of contemporary regimes of migration management in North West Africa in the perpetuation and transformation of socio-economic inequalities and racialised social identities.