Memory Errors in Children's Dietary Recalls

描述(申请人提供)：24小时召回是美国最常用的饮食调查方法，经常用于从儿童那里获取信息；然而，验证研究表明，儿童饮食召回的准确性不够。具体地说，儿童遗漏(不报告)已消费的物品，而侵扰(虚假报告)未消费的物品。此外，孩子们可能会混淆一天消费的物品和另一天消费的物品。尽管儿童(和成年人)报告他们的摄入量是以物品为单位的，但与实际摄入量相比，回忆的准确性通常是在营养水平上间接评估的，对于某些营养素来说，这可能看起来很高，因为侵入可能会弥补遗漏。许多研究表明，对于成年人来说，随着身体质量指数(BMI)的增加，少报能量摄入量的情况也会增加。这个为期两年的项目的目标是通过进行心理信息分析，更好地了解儿童饮食召回中的报告错误，以及此类错误对报告绩效的影响。创新的分析将对之前从294名四年级儿童收集的数据进行三项研究，这些研究通过观察验证了总共586次饮食回忆。研究问题是：1)当儿童报告特定一天(目标或参考日期)的饮食摄入量时，与其他项目相比，儿童在目标日或目标日之前接触的项目在多大程度上更有可能受到干扰？2)在多大程度上，在营养水平上评估的回忆准确性与在项目水平上评估的准确性平行？3)儿童报告错误的任何方面与BMI有关？具体地说，是否存在随着BMI的增加而增加的净少报趋势，或侵入和遗漏之间的任何特定模式？对这些问题的回答将提高我们对儿童饮食回忆中报告错误的理解；这种理解将有助于制定旨在提高儿童饮食回忆准确性的方法。对儿童进行更准确的回忆将有助于更好地评估饮食与健康之间的关系，并有助于制定促进健康饮食摄入的战略。健康的饮食习惯会降低患心血管疾病等慢性病的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The 24-hour recall is the most commonly used method for dietary surveys in the US and is often used to obtain information from children; however, validation studies indicate that the accuracy of children's dietary recalls is inadequate. Specifically, children omit (fail to report) items consumed, and intrude (falsely report) items not consumed. Furthermore, children may confuse items consumed one day with items consumed another day. Although children (and adults) report their intake in terms of items, recall accuracy compared to actual intake is typically assessed indirectly at the nutrient level, which may appear high for some nutrients because intrusions may compensate for omissions. Numerous studies indicate that, for adults, underreporting of energy intake increases as body mass index (BMI) increases. The goal of this two-year project is to better understand reporting errors in children's dietary recalls, and the impact of such errors on reporting performance, by conducting psychologically-informed analyses. Innovative analyses will be conducted on data collected previously from 294 fourth-grade children in three studies, which validated a total of 586 dietary recalls with observations. The research questions are: 1) When children report dietary intake for a particular day (the target, or reference, day), to what extent are intrusions more likely to be items to which the child was exposed on or shortly before the target day than to be other items? 2) To what extent does recall accuracy assessed at the nutrient level parallel that assessed at the item level? 3) Is any aspect of children's reporting errors related to BMI? Specifically, is there a tendency for net underreporting, or any particular pattern between intrusions and omissions, that increases as BMI increases? Answers to these questions will improve our understanding of reporting errors in children's dietary recalls; this understanding will inform the development of methods intended to enhance the accuracy of children's recalls. More accurate recalls from children would permit better evaluation of the relationship between diet and health, and facilitate the development of strategies to promote healthful dietary intake. Healthful dietary habits will decrease the risk of such chronic diseases as cardiovascular diseases.