Targeted Cholera Toxin for Treatment of Hyperalgesia

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国疼痛协会进行的一项研究中，证明9%的美国人口患有中度至重度慢性疼痛。目前治疗慢性疼痛的方法在许多情况下是无效的或产生限制其效用的广泛的副作用。在这个项目中，我们将利用最近的发现，鞘内注射霍乱毒素阻断慢性疼痛的啮齿动物模型中的痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛，毒素可以通过神经激肽1（NK 1）受体直接靶向脊髓中的伤害性神经元。我们将霍乱毒素的催化部分与P物质结合，以将霍乱毒素导向脊髓中表达NK 1受体的细胞。将测试该缀合物在表达NK 1的细胞系中的活性和在慢性疼痛的啮齿动物模型中刺激cAMP产生、抑制Gs g-蛋白表达和抑制痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛的能力。这种缀合物的独特之处在于霍乱毒素不会杀死脊髓中表达NK 1的细胞，如皂草素、白喉毒素和假单胞菌外毒素，它们以前已用于NK 1受体靶向策略。相反，霍乱毒素将使阿片受体与Gs解偶联，从而增强其抑制作用，并将降低Gs偶联受体系统的活性，这将进一步抑制伤害性传递。因此，据我们所知，该项目将是第一个通过直接操纵体内确定的神经元群体中的g蛋白功能来产生治疗效果的项目。如果成功，该项目将产生一种新的药物来控制疼痛，并将通过使特定细胞中的g蛋白成为药理学靶点来开辟治疗学的全新维度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In a study conducted by the American Pain Society it was demonstrated that 9 percent of the United States population suffers from moderate to severe chronic pain. Current methods to treat chronic pain are in many instances not effective or produce a wide range of side effects that limit their utility. In this project we are going to take advantage of the recent discoveries that intrathecally administered cholera toxin blocks hyperalgesia and allodynia in rodent models of chronic pain, and that toxins can be directly targeted to nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord via the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. We will conjugate the catalytic portion of cholera toxin to substance P in order to direct the cholera toxin to NK1 receptor expressing cells in the spinal cord. This conjugate will be tested for activity in NK1 expressing cell lines and in rodent models of chronic pain for its ability to stimulate cAMP production, suppress the expression of Gs g-proteins and to inhibit hyperalgesia and allodynia. The unique aspect of this conjugate is that cholera toxin will not kill the NK1 expressing cells in the spinal cord like saporin, diphtheria toxin and pseudomonas exotoxin, which have previously been used in NK1 receptor targeting strategies. Instead, cholera toxin will uncouple opioid receptors from Gs, thus enhancing their inhibitory actions, and will reduce the activity of Gs coupled receptor systems, which would further suppress nociceptive transmission. Thus, this project will be the first, to the best our knowledge, to produce a therapeutic effect by directly manipulating g-protein function in an identified population of neurons in vivo. If successful, this project will produce a novel agent for the control of pain and will open up an entire new dimension in therapeutics by making g-proteins in specific cells the pharmacological target.