Number Concepts and Automaticity

描述（由申请人提供）：美国学生的数学成绩明显落后于许多其他国家，也没有达到我们国家教育领导者的期望。这个项目，数字概念和自动性，旨在针对数学失败的可预测因素，并提供正确的指导和实践，以克服使用计算机软件工具的缺陷。它是基于对小学生数学教育的领先研究。该项目将专注于为儿童开发数学模型，将这些模型带入工作记忆，并建立加减法问题的自动化。项目中创建的软件工具包括一个数字概念生成器，它将虚拟操作与数字值联系起来，一个自动化生成器，它将帮助学生提高从可检索记忆中回忆概念的能力，以及一个评估模块，它将衡量学生的进步。第一阶段的可行性研究将涉及二年级学生。一个小型的形成性的现场测试将在软件工具原型的早期阶段指导它的开发。完成的原型将作为标准数感课程的一部分引入学校教室。学生将参与一个与标准课堂活动相结合的对照实验。有身体残疾的学生将参与一个单一的主题研究，以指导产品的可访问性。本研究将试图证明该软件可以准确地测量学生个人表现的自动性，并将验证该软件可以用于提高自动性。这项研究还将试图揭示由于身体缺陷而反应时间较慢的身体残疾学生的自动性。第二阶段及以后的工作将包括K-5年级学生的需求，以及数学课程的更多领域。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mathematical performance in the United States is significantly falling behind that of many other countries and failing the expectations of our nation's education leaders. This project, Number Concepts and Automaticity, is designed to target predictable factors in mathematical failure and provide the right guidance and practice to overcome deficiencies using a computer software tool. It is based on leading research in math education for elementary students. The project will focus on developing mathematical models for children, bringing hose models into working memory, and building automaticity with addition and subtraction problems. The software tool created in the project comprises a Number Concept Builder that will tie virtual manipulatives to their numeric values, an Automaticity Builder that will help students increase their ability to recall concepts from retrievable memory, and an Assessment Module that will measure student progress. The Phase I feasibility study will involve 2nd grade students. A small formative field test will guide the software tool prototype development in its earliest stages. The completed prototype will be introduced into school classrooms as part of the standard number sense curriculum. Students will participate in a controlled experiment woven into their standard classroom activities. Students with physical disabilities will engage in a single subject study to guide product accessibility. This study will seek to prove that the software can accurately measure automaticity in individual students' performance and will verify that the software can be used to increase automaticity. The study will also attempt to reveal automaticity for students with physical disabilities who have slow response times due to their impairments. Future work in Phase II and beyond will include the needs of students in throughout grades K-5 and across more areas of the math curriculum.