DRUG USE IN RURAL KENTUCKY--A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

本申请是根据PA-95-060《美国农村毒品和酒精的使用和滥用》提交的。综合宏观与微观的理论视角，建立/检验青少年吸毒的多层次社会控制模型。药物使用和导致药物使用的个人层面的社会控制过程将沿着农村-城市连续体嵌入学校和社区环境中。学校和社区对吸毒和导致吸毒的个人层面过程的条件影响可以确定和建模，背景效应的异质性可以跨社区进行检查。具体目标1：在肯塔基州农村-城市连续体的学校和社区中，测量1999-00年AY基线（随访至10年级）7年级队列中药物使用的发生率/流行率；具体目标2：检查个人层面的社会控制/联系变量对预测青少年吸毒的影响，并确定肯塔基州不同学校和社区的吸毒/社会联系效应是否相似或不同；具体目标3：检查肯塔基州学校和社区层面因素对吸毒的影响以及个人层面对学校和社区吸毒的影响；具体目标4：比较农村吸毒和城市吸毒的多层次模型，以确定：a)农村异质性的程度；B)将“农村和城市”概念划分为二分法的效用（或无效）；具体目标5：确定个人、学校和社区因素对青少年药物使用随时间变化的影响程度。如果我们要了解美国农村地区药物和酒精使用和滥用的模式，就必须认识/检查农村地区的异质性（与城市地区的异质性相比）。这是一项前瞻性纵向研究，在30个县（按县人口规模4）的分层随机样本中，对66所中学的一个队列（7年级，1999-00年，n=10,000）和来自同一所学校的教师样本进行研究。这群人将被跟踪4年，直到10年级，进入45所高中。将使用HLM和潜在增长曲线建模技术来测试驱动研究的理论模型。

This application is submitted in response to PA-95-060, Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse in Rural American. Overall objective is to develop/test multilevel social control model of adolescent drug use, integrating macro/micro theoretical perspectives. Drug use and individual level social control processes that lead to drug use will be embedded within school and community contexts along the rural-urban continuum. Conditional influences of school and community on drug use and individual level processes leading to drug use can be determined and modeled and the heterogeneity for contextual effects can be examined across communities. Specific Aim 1: to measure incidence/prevalence of drug use in a cohort of 7th graders, 1999-00 AY baseline (followed through 10th grade) in schools and communities in Kentucky across the rural-urban continuum; Specific Aim 2: to examine the impact of individual level social control/bonding variables in predicting adolescent drug use, and to determine whether drug use/social bonding effects are similar or different across schools and communities in Kentucky; Specific Aim 3: to examine impact of school and community level factors on drug use and the individual level effects on drug use across schools and communities in Kentucky; Specific Aim 4: to compare multilevel models of rural drug use and urban drug use to determine: a) the extent of rural heterogeneity; b) the utility (or futility) in conceptualizing "rural and urban" as dichotomous; Specific Aim 5: to determine the extent to which individual, school and community factors affect variation over time in adolescent drug use. Recognition/examination of heterogeneity across rural contexts in particular (in contrast to heterogenous urban contexts) is necessary if we are to understand patterns of Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse in Rural America. This is a prospective longitudinal study of one cohort (7th graders, 1999-00 AY, n=10,000) attending 66 middle schools in a stratified, random sample of 30 counties, 4 by population size of county), and a sample of teachers from same schools. Cohort will be followed for 4 years through 10th grade into 45 high schools. HLM and latent growth curve modeling techniques will be used to test the theoretical models driving the research.