The making of a global arboretum: the case of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

这是一个由皇家霍洛威（地理学系）和邱园（图书馆、艺术和档案馆）监督的合作理论奖。植物园是景观管理、科学、园艺、艺术和吸引游客的特殊场所。该项目直接回应了学术研究人员、景观设计师和更广泛的园艺爱好者对这种景观的重新诠释。该项目旨在调查邱园皇家植物园的历史，并考虑这片占地320英亩的土地对世界各地的树木、树木栽培和植物学的影响。邱园的树木园从18世纪的一个小型皇家“外来物种”和木材收藏发展成为世界上最广泛和全球联系最广泛的树木园之一，拥有2000多种约14,000棵树，由100多名工作人员照顾。它是一种新型的科学植物园，被设计为研究人员的卓越中心，也为更广泛的公众提供享受。它的发展是新一代“科学园艺学家”、植物学家、树木收藏家和管理者之间合作的结果。作为一个档案丰富，但研究很少的地点，它为研究树栖植物的进化和意义提供了一个宝贵的机会。相对而言，植物园很少受到历史学家的关注。历史地理学家和科学史家（Elliott, Watkins & Daniels, 2016）最近的研究建立了一个令人兴奋的新议程，重新思考植物园的历史作用，超越了传统上对关键设计师和管理者（如Loudon或Paxton）的强调，考虑有关收集、园艺实验和景观实践的更广泛的问题。在这种背景下，人们对邱园树木的起源、设计、使用和影响知之甚少。对邱园植物园的调查显然有可能为树木收集、园艺学和植物学的世界提供新的见解，以及我们如何以及为什么重视树木作为一个社会。研究问题：(1)自19世纪40年代以来，在植物学、园艺和植物收集领域不断扩大的背景下，邱园的植物园是如何发展的？特别是，当时哪些重要的树种被带到邱园，谁是推动收集和改变的有影响力的人？(2)科学园艺的实践是如何演变成一种职业的，它是如何将实践知识、实验、研究和培训结合起来的？(3)随着时间的推移，植物园及其藏品的优先顺序是如何变化的？这又如何反映了我们与科学和自然世界之间不断变化的关系？(4)邱园的植物园和工作人员对全球园艺实践和景观设计的地理影响是什么？

This is a Collaborative Doctroral Award supervised at Royal Holloway (Dept of Geography) and Kew Gardens (Library, Art & Archives).Arboreta are special places where landscape management, science, horticulture, art, and visitor attraction meet. This project responds directly to current interest in the reinterpretation of such landscapes amongst academic researchers, landscape designers and the wider community of horticultural enthusiasts. The project seeks to investigate the history of the arboretum at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and to consider the influence of this 320-acre site on arboreta, arboriculture and botany across the world.The arboretum at Kew developed from a small 18th-century royal collection of 'exotics' and timber trees to one of the most extensive and globally-connected arboreta in the world, with around 14,000 trees of over 2,000 species, cared for by over a hundred staff. It was one of a new type of scientific arboretum, designed as a centre of excellence for researchers as well as for the enjoyment of a wider public. Its evolution was the result of collaboration between a new breed of 'scientific horticulturists', botanists, tree collectors and managers. As a richly-archived, though little-studied site, it offers a valuable opportunity for research into the evolution and significance of arboreta.Arboreta have received relatively little attention from historians. Recent research by historical geographers and historians of science (Elliott, Watkins & Daniels, 2016) has established an exciting new agenda for re-thinking the historical role of arboreta, going beyond the conventional emphasis on key designers and administrators (such as Loudon or Paxton) to consider wider questions concerning collecting, horticultural experiment and landscape practice. In this context, surprisingly little is known about the origins, design, use and impact of the tree collections at Kew. An investigation of Kew's arboretum has clear potential to offer new insights into the worlds of tree collecting, horticulture and botany, and how and why we value trees as a society.Research questions:(1) How did the arboretum at Kew develop from the 1840s in the context of the expanding worlds of botany, horticulture, and plant collecting? In particular, what were the significant tree species being brought to Kew at this time and who were the influential people driving collecting and change?(2) How did the practice of scientific horticulture evolve into a profession, and how did it combine practical knowledge, experimentation, research and training?(3) How have priorities for the arboretum and its collections changed over time and how does this reflect our changing relationship with science and the natural world?(4) What influence have Kew's arboretum and staff had on the global geographies of horticultural practice and landscape design?