Proglacial landscape evolution across the Antarctic Peninsula with Holocene climate change

南极半岛周围的冰盖边缘从其在大陆架边缘的最后一次冰川最大(LGM)位置迅速后退至接近峡湾头部的位置(Davies等人，2012年)，在某些情况下还下降到陆地上。这些以前的出口冰川边缘沿着主要的峡湾被突出的(数十公里长)横向冰川脊标记。巧合的是，海平面变化和均衡造成了上升的海滩、多条海岸线和栖息的三角洲(例如Fretwell等人，2010年)。然而，东北南极半岛响应自然气候变化的景观演变的速度和主要驱动力在其他方面鲜为人知，也存在争议，至少部分原因是缺乏现场观测、冰川类型的多样性以及在冰川消融期间和之后复杂的副冰川调整。南极半岛北端的更新世-全新世过渡与13ka BP至12ka BP之间显著和快速的气候变暖以及持续到9.5ka BP的早期全新世低温条件有关(Mulvaney等人，2012年)，导致随后的冰架坍塌和冰川消退(例如Bentley等人，2005年)。一些地点提出了一些全新世中期和晚期的进展(Hjort等人，1997年；Bentley等人，2009年；Carrivick等人，2012年)，但还没有广泛的证据表明整个南极半岛存在小冰期(Mulvaney等人，2012年)。研究南极半岛无冰冰川部分的组成、功能和演化的机会可能非常宝贵，可以对冰川及其相关过程在多大程度上塑造地貌提供新的见解。这些系统将大量融水和沉积物输送到南极半岛的海湾和峡湾(Griffith和Anderson，1989；Kavan等人，2017)，并最终输送到南大洋。这些水和沉积物通量受冰川波动的控制(例如Diekmann等人，2000年；Evans等人，2005年)，进而严重影响矿物出口(例如Bown等人，2018年)和初级生产力，从而影响南大洋的食物网(例如Wefer和Fischer，1991)。该项目旨在利用高分辨率三维地理空间分析的新组合，评估全新世期间整个南极半岛的地貌演变；最有可能包括最近发布的Rema DEM和Planet Imagery等数据集，以及对地貌、沉积学和地质年代学野心的实地调查。它将发展Carrivick等人的方法和分析。(2018)适用于中欧阿尔卑斯山冰川地区。实地调查将在整个南极洲半岛第二大无冰区詹姆斯罗斯岛的乌卢半岛进行，捷克J.G.Mendel站将提供支助和后勤。将这些技能和方法结合起来，将能够对整个南极洲半岛的全新世景观发展进行基于当地过程的解释和区域图景的汇编。将讨论有关冰川和冰川消融集水区的沉积物通量、地貌结构组成(地貌)、地貌功能(例如连通性)和陆地-峡湾联系的问题。

The ice sheet margin around the Antarctic Peninsula receded rapidly from its Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) position on the continental shelf edge ~ 18 ka (Davies et al., 2012) to a position towards the head of fjords, and in some cases onto land. These former outlet glacier margins are marked by prominent (tens of km long) lateral moraine ridges along the major fjords. Coincidentally, sea level changes and isostasy created raised beaches, multiple shorelines and perched deltas (e.g. Fretwell et al., 2010). However, the rates and primary drivers of landscape evolution in NE Antarctic Peninsula in response to natural climate change are otherwise little known and are contentious, at least partly due to a lack of in situ observations, the variety of glaciation styles and complex paraglacial adjustments during and after the deglaciation. The Pleistocene-Holocene transition along the northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula is connected with a significant and rapid climate warming between 13 and 12 ka BP and predominant early Holocene hypsythermal conditions continuing until 9.5 ka BP (Mulvaney et al., 2012) resulting in consequent ice shelf collapse and glacier retreat (e.g. Bentley et al., 2005). A number of mid and late-Holocene advances have been proposed from a handful of sites (Hjort et al., 1997; Bentley et al., 2009; Carrivick et al., 2012), but there is an absence of widespread evidence for a Little Ice Age across the Antarctic Peninsula (Mulvaney et al., 2012).The opportunity to examine the composition, functioning and evolution of the ice-free proglacial parts of the Antarctic Peninsula is potentially extremely valuable, to yield new insights into the extent to which glaciers and their associated processes have shaped the landscape. These systems deliver vast volumes of meltwater and sediment to the bays and fjords of the Antarctic Peninsula (Griffith and Anderson, 1989; Kavan et al., 2017) and ultimately to the Southern Ocean. These water and sediment fluxes are controlled by glacier fluctuations (e.g. Diekmann et al., 2000; Evans et al., 2005) and in turn strongly influence mineral exports (e.g. Bown et al., 2018) and primary production and hence food webs in the Southern Ocean (e.g. Wefer and Fischer, 1991). This project aims to assess landscape evolution across the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene by using a novel combination of high-resolution 3D geospatial analysis; most likely including datasets such as the recently released REMA DEM and Planet imagery, and field surveys of geomorphology, sedimentology and with geochronological ambitions. It will develop the methods and analysis of Carrivick et al. (2018) as applied to the proglacial areas of the central European Alps. Field surveys will be based on the Ulu Peninsula of James Ross Island, the second largest ice free area in the whole of Antarctica Peninsula, with the support and logistics of the Czech J.G.Mendel Station. Combining these skills and approaches will permit local process-based interpretations and a regional picture to be assembled of Holocene landscape development across the Antarctica Peninsula. Questions concerning sediment fluxes from glaciated versus deglaciated catchments, geomorphological structure-composition (landforms), geomorphological functioning (e.g. connectivity) and terrestrial-fjord linkages will be addressed.