An Enhanced Biopsy Needle for Endobronchial and other Biopsy Procedures

在医学中，特别是在癌症医学中，活检程序是至关重要的，因为它们允许通过插入空心针进行组织取样，用于各种医学测试。目前使用的一种针活检是支气管超声引导下的经支气管针穿刺（EBUS-TBNA），用于对淋巴结组织进行取样，以分期癌症和诊断肉芽肿性疾病。在EBUS-TBNA过程中，管状医学成像工具（支气管镜）通过患者的口腔插入支气管树。一旦使用附带的超声系统在支气管树中找到正确的位置，一根针穿过支气管壁进入淋巴结收集组织样本。世界各地的几家医疗机构发现，由于针头的形状，目前使用的设备将组织推开，而不是让它进入针头，因此该程序存在亚诊断能力。正因为如此，诊断产量的特点是质量，如果收集的组织样本，估计为61%。诊断程序失败会减慢治疗速度，并对患者和医院基础设施造成额外压力。因此，博士项目的目标将是设计一种更好的针。这将通过了解组织的性质及其与针头的相互作用来实现。为了完成这些任务，将研究几个方面：针头类型、组织类型和插入速度。通过检查，探讨在涉及尸体和关键标本的膜穿刺过程中针尖处发生了什么。描述针与组织相互作用的不同方面之间相互作用的模型。该模型特别重要，因为它可以对实验设备、条件、设计和结果进行详细编码，因此可以用作实验针与人体组织相互作用数据库的蓝图。

In medicine, especially in cancer medicine, biopsy procedures are of critical importance as they allow tissue sampling by insertion of a hollow needle for use in various medical tests. One type of needle biopsy currently in use is endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) which, is used to sample lymph node tissue to stage cancers and diagnose granulomatous diseases. During the EBUS-TBNA procedure, a tubular medical imaging tool (a bronchoscope) is inserted through the patient's mouth into the bronchial tree. Once the right location in the bronchial tree is found using the attached ultrasound system, a needle pierces through the bronchial wall into the lymph node to collect the tissue sample. Several medical institutions around the world, have found that the procedure suffers from a sub-diagnostic ability as the devices currently use push the tissue away rather than allowing it to enter the needle, due to the needle tip shape. Because of that, the diagnostic yield is characterized by the quality if the collected tissue sample, is estimated to be 61%. A failed diagnostic procedure slows down treatment and causes additional strain on patients and hospital infrastructure. The aim of the PHD project therefore will be to design a better needle. This will be achieved by understanding the properties of the tissue and its interaction with the needle. To achieve the tasks, several areas will be looked at: The needle types, tissue type and insertion speed. Through examination, what happens at the tip of the needle during the puncture of a membrane involving cadaver and critical specimen will be explore. A model describing the interaction between the different aspects of a needle-tissue interaction. This model is particularly important as it enable the detailed encoding of experiment equipment, condition, design and results and can therefore be used as the blueprint for a database of experimental needle interaction with human tissue.