EXERCISE TRAINING IN OBESITY-PRONE BLACK AND WHITE WOMEN

描述：原理：找出增加体力活动(PA)的方法是 对于控制肥胖症及其共病的流行至关重要， 包括2型糖尿病。出于未知的原因，后肥胖女性和黑人 女性似乎特别容易体重增加。来自我们当前RO1的数据 研究表明，静息能量消耗和燃料的内在变化 利用不能区分肥胖倾向的女性和肥胖抵抗的女性 预测体重增加。相比之下，身为黑人并减少了 力量，较低的自由生活PA，和较低的每日总能量消耗 对未来体重增加有很强的预测性。目标：扩展我们目前的 研究旨在检验运动训练的有效性，以提高 自由生活的PA，反过来，能量平衡和体重控制。具体来说， 我们假设抗阻运动训练将比 有氧和无运动训练1)增加生理上的舒适度，和 自发参与日常生活的体力活动；2) 增加肥胖者的每日总能量消耗和减肥维持 黑人和白人女性。设计与方法：绝经前肥胖黑白 女性将被随机分为只节食、节食+有氧或节食+抵抗 运动训练组。饮食/行为干预，有或没有 有氧或阻力运动训练，将在18个月内提供 几个月的学习。测试将在肥胖状态下进行，6个月后在 肥胖后的正常体重状态，并经过1年的减肥维持。 所有测试都将在综合临床研究中心严格控制下 饮食控制的能量平衡4周后的情况。身体的变化 成分将通过四室模型进行评估，胰岛素抵抗 通过胰岛素改良的、频繁采样的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验。 主要结果将包括对感知和生理困难的测量 运动(心脏、呼吸、肌电对标准化的反应 运动任务)；有氧健身；力量健身(等长测试)；以及 自发性自由生活PA、活动相关能量消耗、非运动 活动生热和每日自由生活总能量消耗(ALL 从双重标记的水中提取)。意义：结果将提供 洞察不同类型药物的有效性和作用机制 运动训练可以提高身体素质，自发投入 日常生活的体力活动，进而保持减肥， 尤其是在容易肥胖的黑人女性中。

DESCRIPTION: Rationale: Identifying ways to increase physical activity (PA) is paramount to controlling the epidemic of obesity and its co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes. For unknown reasons, post-obese women and black women appear to be especially prone to weight gain. Data from our current RO1 study suggest that inherent variations in resting energy expenditure and fuel utilization do not distinguish obesity-prone from obesity-resistant women or predict weight gain. By contrast, being of black race and having reduced strength, lower free-living PA, and lower total daily energy expenditure are strongly predictive of future weight gain. Objective: To extend our current studies in order to examine the effectiveness of exercise training to improve free-living PA and, in turn, energy balance and weight control. Specifically, we hypothesize that resistance exercise training will be more effective than aerobic and no exercise training in 1) increasing the physiologic ease of, and spontaneous engagement in physical activities of daily living, and 2) increasing total daily energy expenditure and weight-loss maintenance of obese black and white women. Design & Methods: Obese premenopausal black and white women will be randomized to either diet-only, diet+aerobic or diet+resistance exercise training groups. Diet/behavior intervention, with or without the aerobic or resistance exercise training, will be provided throughout the 18 months of study. Testing will be done in the obese state, 6 months later in the normal-weight post-obese state, and after 1 year of weight-loss maintenance. All testing will be under tightly controlled General Clinical Research Center conditions following 4 weeks of diet-controlled energy balance. Changes in body composition will be assessed by the 4-compartment model, and insulin resistance by the insulin modified, frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Major outcomes will include measures of perceived and physiologic difficulty of exercise (cardiac, ventilatory, electromyographic responses to standardized exercise tasks); aerobic fitness; strength fitness (isometric tests); and spontaneous free-living PA, activity-related energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, and total daily free-living energy expenditure (all derived from doubly labeled water). Significance: The results will provide insight into the effectiveness of, and the mechanisms by which, different types of exercise training can improve physical fitness, spontaneous engagement in physical activities of daily living and, in turn, weight-loss maintenance, especially in obesity-prone black women.