Global CO2 storage capacity: Modelling limitations of geography and injectivity

该项目旨在解决能源生产和气候变化之间关系的一个重大问题。联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会分析的能源系统模型表明，到2050年，二氧化碳储存必须达到每年10‘S GT二氧化碳的速度，这意味着能源基础设施的规模与目前的石油和天然气基础设施相匹配。在这些模型中使用CCS是减缓气候变化总成本的主要控制因素。然而，这些模型缺乏对二氧化碳储存的真实描述。它们不限制部署速度，既不受技术增长的自上而下限制，也不受油藏系统物理限制的自下而上限制。该项目提供了实施现有模型的机会，以确定适应受政府机构设定的气候目标制约的增长率所需的二氧化碳储存资源。此外，燃气轮机规模二氧化碳储存的一个关键不确定性是储罐在注入二氧化碳时的压力，以及可能导致泄漏的诱发地震活动的相关风险。因此，利用de Simone开发的分析模型，开发时间受到地质条件的进一步限制。

The project is aimed to address a major question at the nexus of energy production and climate change. Energy systems models analysed by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have suggested that CO2 storage must achieve rates of 10's of Gt CO2 per year by 2050, implying energy infrastructure at a scale matching that of current oil and gas infrastructure. The use of CCS in these models is the leading control on the total costs of mitigating climate change. However, these models are lacking in realistic representations of CO2 storage. They do not constrain deployment rates, either with top down limitations on technological growth, or bottom up constraints from the physical limitations of the reservoir systems. This project offers an opportunity to implement existing models to identify the CO2 storage resources required to accommodate growth rates which are constrained by climate targets set by governmental bodies. Furthermore, a key uncertainty for Gt scale CO2 storage is the pressurisation of the reservoir in response to injection of CO2 and the associated risks of induced seismicity that might result in leakage. The development timescales are, therefore, further constrained by the geological conditions using analytical models developed by De Simone.