Melt Ponds on Sea Ice

该项目旨在更好地了解与海冰融化相关的流体动力学。在夏季的几个月里，融化的池塘在海冰表面形成。这些融化的池塘对海冰的融化有很大的影响，而海冰的融化又反过来影响北极的整体能量平衡。因此，融化池在地球气候中扮演着重要的角色，通过提高我们对它们的理解，我们也可以提高我们对相关气候影响的理解，例如北极在夏季可能会变得无冰。本项目的主要目标是了解融化池的生命周期。先前在北极的观测（https：//doi.org/10.1029/2011JC 007231）表明，在融化池积聚之后，主要通过两种方式快速排水-通过冰中的宏观缺陷（例如裂缝和密封孔），然后通过冰渗透，冰开始融化时，就像多孔介质一样。该项目将涉及开发数学模型（例如，基于大卫·里斯·琼斯（Rees Jones）先前在该领域的工作的连续两相流模型：http：//www-vortex.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/publication/2013-jfm/），以结合数值和理论工作来检查这些排水方法。可能检查的融化池物理学的其他方面包括融化池表面水文学（基于大卫·德里切尔（Dritschel）先前关于河流水文模型的工作）和融水与雪之间的相互作用。

This project aims to better understand the fluid dynamics associated with the melting of sea ice. During the summer months, melt ponds form on the surface of sea ice. These melt ponds have a significant effect on the albedo of the sea ice, which, in turn, affects the overall energy balance of the arctic. As a result, melt ponds play a role of some importance in the Earth's climate and by improving our understanding of them we can also improve our understanding of related climatic effects, e.g. when the arctic may become ice-free in summer.The main goal of this project is to understand the lifecycle of melt ponds. Previous observations in the arctic (https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007231) suggest that after melt ponds accumulate, rapid drainage occurs primarily through two means - through macroscopic flaws in the ice (e.g. cracks and seal holes) and then as percolation through the ice which, upon starting to melt, acts like a porous medium. This project will involve developing mathematical models (e.g. continuous two-phase flow models, building on previous work in the field by David Rees Jones: http://www-vortex.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~dwrj1/publication/2013-jfm/) to examine these methods of drainage in conjunction with numerical as well as theoretical work.Other aspects of melt pond physics that may be examined include melt pond surface hydrology (building on previous work on the hydrological modelling of rivers by David Dritschel) and the interaction between meltwater and snow.