Vasomotor Mechanisms in the Human Cutaneous Circulation

描述（由申请人提供）：皮肤循环是最多变的循环之一，具有非常高水平血流量的潜力。它的控制对体温调节、血流动力学和血压调节都很重要。人类这种控制的机制正在变得越来越清晰。在实验室最近的历史中，我们有几个重要的发现。我们已经清楚地表明，在女性中，肾上腺素能血管收缩系统和非肾上腺素能血管扩张系统的控制都受到生殖激素状态的改变，当雌激素和孕激素升高时，体温及其控制会转移到更高的水平。我们还知道，对皮肤循环的重要控制不仅来自热调节性反射，还来自压力感受器反射和与动态运动相关的反射，即非热调节性反射。第三，我们发现皮肤循环的交感血管收缩控制和主动血管扩张控制都有参与其血管舒缩功能的主要递质和共同递质。我们有强有力的证据表明，NPY在身体降温的反射性血管收缩反应中具有重要的共递质作用，而VIP在身体升温的主动血管扩张反应中具有重要的胆碱能共递质作用。我们建议将这些控制因素结合在一起，试图发现月经周期中血管收缩剂控制的周期性变化是否通过交感共递质NPY；同样，是否存在与激素相关的血管舒张系统（VIP）中共同递质作用的转变。我们还试图发现交感共递质在非体温调节反射对皮肤血管控制的影响中的作用，特别是在对运动开始的反应中，在继续运动和当血压受到模拟出血挑战时抑制皮肤血流量的增加。最后，我们将测试除去甲肾上腺素和NPY I外的交感递质的功能作用，NPY I是控制皮肤循环的血管收缩剂，特别强调ATP的潜在作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cutaneous circulation is one of the most variable and has the potential for very high levels of blood flow. Its control is important both to temperature regulation and to hemodynamics and blood pressure regulation generally. The mechanisms for that control in humans are gaining clarity. In the recent history of the laboratory, we have made several important findings. We have shown clearly that, in women, control of both the adrenergic vasoconstrictor and the nonadrenergic active vasodilator systems are subject to modification by reproductive hormone status such that body temperature and its control are shifted to higher levels when estrogen and progesterone are elevated. We also know that important control of the cutaneous circulation derives not only from thermoregulatory reflexes, but also from baroreceptor reflexes and the reflexes associated with dynamic exercise, i.e., nonthermoregulatory reflexes. Third, we found that the sympathetic vasoconstrictor control and the active vasodilator control of the cutaneous circulation each have both primary transmitters and co-transmitters involved in their vasomotor functions. We have strong evidence that NPY has an important co-transmitter role in the reflex vasoconstrictor responses to body cooling and that VIP has an important role as a cholinergic co-transmitter in the active vasodilator response to body warming. We propose to draw these elements of control together, by seeking to discover whether the cyclic variation in vasoconstrictor control during the menstrual cycle is via the sympathetic co-transmitter NPY; similarly, whether there is a hormonally associated shift in the role for the co-transmitter in the vasodilator system (VIP). We also seek to discover the roles for sympathetic co-transmitters in the influence of nonthermoregulatory reflexes on cutaneous vascular control, specifically, in response to the onset of exercise, in the inhibition of the increase in skin blood flow as exercise continues and when blood pressure is challenged by simulated hemorrhage. Lastly, we will test for a functional role for sympathetic transmitters other than norepinephrine and NPY I the vasoconstrictor control of the cutaneous circulation, with particular emphasis on a potential role for ATP.