Data Ownership for Service Innovation

如果不了解所有权，我们就不能完全理解偷窃、出借、买卖、赠与或借用意味着什么。侵犯隐私也要求我们首先有一些东西（个人空间，信息等）与其他人分享，而这些东西并不是故意的。至少在过去的世纪里，这些问题中的许多已经得到解决，因为所有权的概念已经成为日常生活的一个隐含部分，也是我们所做事情的背景。这在很大程度上是因为创新的发生符合我们传统的社会技术互动。近年来，随着技术的进步，服务业的发展对传统的所有权概念提出了挑战，这种互动受到了挑战。拥有互联网使用产生的数据、工作时每天更换的热桌、去商店只用一个小时的汽车或长期租赁的电器意味着什么？所有这些场景都是通过技术进步实现的服务创新案例，这些技术进步随后挑战了我们的交易方式。在许多情况下，推出这些新模型的基础技术已经解决，但围绕正确理解和实现所有权的紧张局势仍然存在。其结果包括呼吁（和行动）通过立法颠覆科技巨头的商业模式，推动公司办公室内的趋势，限制汽车共享的采用，并实现物联网商业模式的承诺。重要的是，在这些和其他例子中，问题不在于谁合法地拥有某物，而在于一个人在多大程度上认为某物是他们的。正是这种经验丰富的所有权需要被理解，以实现服务创新。服务创新中的所有权问题至少有两个原因。第一，公司从法律的角度看待所有权的重要性，因而将所有权的重要性降低到功利用途，而不是获得更广泛的经验价值。问题出现的第二个原因是，所有权在许多互动中扮演的隐含角色导致它被忽视。如果我们要实现服务创新对智慧城市和社会转型的承诺，我们需要重新思考如何将所有权置于我们所做工作的核心，并明确为之设计。本项目探讨体验式所有权，以实现智慧城市共享等背景下的数字创新。具体来说，该项目开发了一个框架，用于设计数字对象的所有权，如个人数据，并探讨了这些对象的高所有权和低所有权的结果（例如信任，管理）。这种新的理解将成为公司如何整合数字技术（如数字账本、物联网等）以支持服务创新的基础。

Without understanding ownership, we can't fully appreciate what it means to steal, lend, buy, sell, gift or borrow. The infringement of privacy as well requires that we first have something (personal space, information, etc) which is shared with others that are not intended. Many of these issues have been resolved for at least the past century as the idea of ownership has been an implicit part of much of daily lives and a backdrop to what we do. This is largely because innovation was happening in line with our traditional socio-technical interactions. Such interactions have been challenged in recent years through advances in technology enabling services that challenge traditional notions of ownership which has brought the principle to the fore.What does it mean to own one's data resulting from internet use, the hot desk that changes each day at work, the car you only use for an hour to run to the shop or the appliance you have on a long-term lease? All these scenarios are service innovation cases enabled through technological advances that have subsequently challenged the way we transact. In many cases, the foundational technology has been solved to roll out these new models but tensions remain around the proper understanding and implementation of ownership. The result includes calls (and actions) to upend the business models of technology giants through legislation, push against trends within corporate offices, limit the adoption of car sharing and realise the promise of IoT-enabled business models. Critically, in these and other examples, the issue is not who legally owns something but the extent to which a person feels that something is theirs. It is this experienced ownership that needs to be understood to enable service innovation. Issues around ownership within service innovation arise for at least two reasons. The first is that companies discount the importance of ownership as it is seen from a legal perspective and is subsequently reduced to utilitarian use rather than the broader experiential value gained. The second reason that issues arise is that the implicit role ownership plays in many interactions leads to it being overlooked. If we are to achieve much of the promise of service innovation for smarter cities and social transformation, we need to rethink how to place ownership at the core of what we do and explicitly design for it. This project explores experiential ownership to enable digital innovation in contexts such as sharing within smart cities. Specifically, the project develops a framework for designing for ownership of digital objects such as one's data and explores the outcomes of high and low ownership for such objects (e.g. trust, stewardship). This new understanding will form the basis of how companies can then integrate digital technologies such as digital ledgers, the internet of things and more to support service innovation.