A window onto medieval crafts: illuminating glazing in England between AD 1100-1600

12 - 16世纪是英国手工艺快速变化的时期，受到与欧洲大陆思想，材料和人员交流的影响。玻璃在公元1千纪被进口到英国，但到了世纪，英国的玻璃工业才刚刚起步。公元1100-1600年是理解其发展的关键，通过考虑黑死病，宗教改革和修道院解散的背景下的琉璃建筑。该项目将研究这一新行业的性质及其对英国玻璃的影响程度。在这一时期，玻璃在英格兰相对稀少，很少在原地存活。考古发掘的材料可以大大增强我们的理解。英格兰历史档案馆包括来自温莎城堡（圆塔）和阿尔斯特修道院的重要未出版的集合，以及由英国遗产和地区知识库保存的更多材料。该项目将导致从这些档案中获得窗户玻璃的记录和解释。结果将与以前的HE项目进行比较，这些项目描述了当代英国玻璃房的玻璃，以便可以识别英国玻璃，从而阐明英国玻璃行业在不同地区相对于其大陆同行的波动命运。这些目标包括：a）表征、记录、解释和公布来自重要地点的未公布玻璃，包括（但不限于）温莎城堡（圆塔）和奥尔斯特修道院，包括装饰，化学成分，保护状况，考古背景和历史背景。B）在HE和谢菲尔德大学关于英国玻璃制造的并行工作的背景下评估结果，更好地了解英国玻璃在玻璃窗工艺中的作用。c）研究装饰窗玻璃成像的新方法，并使数据可用于记录和监测。d）使用各种方法与观众就项目的发现。学生将有灵活性，在多个方向发展的项目，利用高等教育和谢菲尔德大学的跨学科专业知识。示例研究问题包括：a）在英格兰制造的窗户的比例是多少，在哪些地区？B）供给模式随时间变化如何？c）哪些因素会影响玻璃安装工选择从哪里获得玻璃？d）有哪些成像方法可以更好地捕捉退化的中世纪玻璃上的装饰并监测变化？如何将图像存档并使其可供访问？e）可以使用哪些方法来展示和传达化学和图像结果，以有效地吸引不同的受众？学生将考虑利用各种媒体和教学收藏，以创造性的方式吸引利益相关者，学术界和公众。成果可能包括：a）一个可访问的记录，档案和教学收集，基于这些组合。B）了解所采用的玻璃方案，他们的解释和他们是如何创造的。c）评估的可行性，确定，日期和评估英国中世纪窗户玻璃的保护状态，d）评价退化玻璃的成像方法。更好地了解英国玻璃工业在玻璃工艺中的作用，以及这种作用如何以及为什么会随着时间的推移而变化。f）与各种受众接触，并培训全面的遗产从业者。

The 12th-16th centuries was a period of rapid change for crafts in England, influenced by the exchange of ideas, materials and people with continental Europe. Glass was imported to England throughout the 1st millennium AD, but a nascent English glass industry was established by the 13th century. The period 1100-1600 AD is key to understanding its development, by considering glazed architecture against the background of the Black Death, Reformation, and Dissolution of the Monasteries. This project will examine the nature of this new industry and the degree of its impact on glazing in Britain. Glazing was relatively scarce in England in this period and rarely survives in situ. Our understanding can be greatly enhanced by material from archaeological excavation. The Historic England archives include significant unpublished assemblages from Windsor Castle (Round Tower) and Alcester Abbey, with further material held by English Heritage and regional repositories. This project will result in an accessible record and interpretation of window glass from these archives. The results will be compared with previous HE projects characterising the glass from contemporary English glasshouses, so that English glass can be identified, illuminating the fluctuating fortunes of the English glass industry in different regions relative to its continental counterparts. The aims include:a) Characterising, recording, interpreting and publishing the unpublished glass from significant sites, including (but not limited to) Windsor Castle (Round Tower) and Alcester Abbey, encompassing decoration, chemical composition, state of conservation, archaeological context and historical background.b) Evaluating the results in the context of concurrent work by HE and the University of Sheffield on English glassmaking, to better understand the role of English glass in the glazing craft.c) Investigating novel methods for imaging decorated window glass and making the data accessible for documentation and monitoring.d) Using a variety of methods to engage with audiences about the project findings.The student will have flexibility to develop the project in multiple directions, making use of the cross disciplinary expertise available at HE and the University of Sheffield. Example research questions include:a) What proportion of windows were made in England, and in which regions?b) How does the pattern of supply change overtime?c) What factors influence the glazier's choice of where to obtain glass?d) What imaging methods are available to better capture the decoration on degraded medieval glass and monitor changes? How can the images be archived and made accessible?e) What methods can be used to display and communicate the results, both chemical and pictorial, to effectively engage with varied audiences? The student will consider creative ways of engaging stakeholders, the academic community and the public, using a variety of media and teaching collections. Outcomes may include: a) An accessible record, archive and teaching collection, based on these assemblages.b) Understanding of the glazing schemes employed, their interpretation and how they were created.c) An assessment of the feasibility of identifying, dating and assessing the state of conservation of English medieval window glass, using chemical analysis and microscopic techniques.d) An evaluation of imaging methods for degraded glass.e) Better understanding of the role of the English glass industry in the glazing craft, and how and why this changes over time.f) Engagement with a variety of audiences and training of a well-rounded heritage practitioner.