Incentives, Information and Relations in Malawi

描述（由申请人提供）：目标是收集有关期望、随机奖励支付和性行为的创新数据，并分析性关系、家庭动态和信息寻求方面对以下方面的变化的适应：（一）受访者对自身健康状况的了解，（二）对感染风险、性传播感染/艾滋病毒流行情况和冒险行为的期望。（三）随机为参加自愿咨询和治疗（VCT）和保持艾滋病毒阴性状态的人提供直接的金钱奖励。该提案利用了马拉维传播和观念改变项目（MDICP），该项目收集了异常丰富的小组调查数据（1998年、2001年、2004年，2006年将有一波资助）、定性数据以及艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染的生物标志物。具体目标包括：(a)分析从一项实验设计中已经收集到的数据，该实验设计为答复者获得性传播感染和艾滋病毒检测结果提供了随机的差别奖励；(b)在2005年再收集一轮调查和生物标志物数据，以建立一项实验设计，为答复者保持艾滋病毒阴性提供奖励，并衡量对与性健康有关的行为和风险的期望。(c)利用视听计算机辅助访谈技术，在2005- 2006年12个月期间对性活动进行重复测量，(d)调查与健康有关的期望的模式、形成和行为后果，以及(e)调查直接金钱奖励对艾滋病毒阴性状态的性关系、通过性传播感染预防战略、过渡到婚姻、离婚的影响和效果，主观幸福感和其他性传播感染/艾滋病毒相关的行为和态度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal is to collect innovative data on expectations, randomized incentive payments and sexual behaviors, and to analyze the adaptation in sexual relations, household dynamics, and information-seeking to variation in (i) respondents' knowledge about their own health status, (ii) expectations about infection risks, STI/HIV prevalence, and risk-taking behaviors, and (iii) randomized direct monetary incentives for participating in voluntary counseling and treatment (VCT) and for maintaining a HIV negative status. The proposal takes advantage of the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project (MDICP) that collects an unusually rich combination of panel survey data (1998, 2001, 2004, with a forthcoming funded wave in 2006), qualitative data and biomarkers for HIV and other STIs. The specific aims include (a) the analysis of already collected data from an experimental design that offered randomized differential incentives for respondents to obtain their STI and HIV test results, (b) the collection of an additional round of survey and biomarker data in 2005 to create an experimental design that offers incentives for respondents to remain HIV negative and to measure expectations about behaviors and risks related to sexual health, (c) obtain repeated measurements of sexual activities during a 12 month period in 2005-06 using audio-computer assisted interviewing techniques, (d) investigate the patterns, formation and behavioral consequences of health related expectations, and (e) investigate the implications and effectiveness of direct monetary incentives rewarding a HIV-negative status for sexual relations, the adoption of STI prevention strategies, transition into marriage, divorce, subjective well-being and other STI/HIV-related behaviors and attitudes.