From fines migration to filter cake formation and back again

当涉及到钻井时，地层损害是一个昂贵的问题。钻井液可占钻井总费用的15%，因此保持地层的滤失量至关重要。这是通过在井眼-储层界面上形成滤饼（由悬浮在钻井液中的颗粒形成）来实现的。如果颗粒选择不当，则可能导致储层地层的生产率显著降低。了解这些颗粒如何与多孔介质相互作用，对于了解滤饼如何形成和防止经济损失至关重要。我将主要使用4D X射线断层扫描跟踪流体悬浮颗粒，并观察它们如何与储集岩和储集岩类似物相互作用。我目前希望对砂岩进行高质量的扫描，并使用这些数据来3D打印岩石的副本，并对其进行计算流体动力学（CFD）分析。一旦样品被3D打印出来，我就可以对它和原始岩石进行4D X射线CT流动测试，并将它们与CFD分析的结果进行比较。我想利用的其他技术包括粒子图像测速（PIV）来跟踪2D中的粒子，这也将用于比较。

Formation damage is an expensive issue when it comes to drilling boreholes. Drilling fluids can make up to 15% of total expenditure when drilling one, so keeping fluid loss to the formation is essential. This is done by creating a filter cake (from the particles suspended in the drilling fluid) on the borehole-reservoir interface. If the particles are chosen poorly then can result in significantly reducing the productivity of the reservoir formation. Understanding how these particles interact with porous media is critical to understanding how filter cakes form and preventing financial loses. I will primarily be using 4D X-ray tomography track fluid suspended particles and observe how they interact with reservoir rocks and reservoir rock analogues. I currently wish to take a high-quality scan of sandstone and use this data to both 3D print a copy of the rock, and to run computational flow dynamics (CFD) analysis on. Once the sample has been 3D printed, I can then run 4D x-ray CT flow tests on it and the original rock and compare to each other and the results of the CFD analysis. Other techniques I would like to utilise include Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to track the particles in 2D which will also be used for comparison.