Evaluation of Optical Imaging for Seizure Localization

描述(由申请人提供)：本项目的目标是研究光学成像在新皮质癫痫的灵长类动物模型中定位致痫组织的准确性。在美国，大约有200万人患有癫痫，其中20%-30%的人对所有的药物治疗都很难接受。对于患有顽固性癫痫的患者，唯一可行的治疗方法是手术切除致痫组织。新皮质癫痫患者的手术结果仅为内侧颞叶硬化症手术结果的一半。新皮质癫痫治疗的主要困难是目前的技术在定位新皮质致痫组织方面的准确性有限。正是这一问题--提高致痫组织在新皮质中定位的准确性--是这项拟议研究旨在解决的。为了解决这个问题，我们将把一种新的光学成像方法的准确性与目前临床上使用的表面电极栅格阵列记录的黄金标准进行比较。众所周知，脑组织的光学光谱特性与神经元活动的变化有关。映射这些由活动引起的光学变化的方法被称为“固有光学信号成像”(IIOS)。在新皮质中测量到的活动诱发的光学变化最有可能是由大脑血流动力学的变化(即血液氧合和血容量的变化)引起的。我们的实验方法将是获得急性灵长类癫痫模型中癫痫样活动的高分辨率iIOS地图，并仔细比较iIOS地图的准确性与当前的“金标准”--来自表面电极阵列的记录。我们的具体目标是：i)确定光学光谱学用于定位参与致痫活动产生和传播的新皮质神经元群的准确性；ii)将光学光谱学测绘的准确性与指导癫痫组织手术切除的金标准电极网格阵列进行比较。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to study the accuracy of optical imaging for the localization of epileptogenic tissue in a primate model of neocortical epilepsy. Approximately 2 million people in the United States have epilepsy, and 20-30% of this population is refractory to all medical treatments. The only viable treatment for patients suffering from intractable epilepsy is surgical resection of the epileptogenic tissue. The surgical outcomes of patients suffering from neocortical epilepsy are only half as good as the surgical outcomes from resections of mesial temporal sclerosis. The main difficulty in the treatment of neocortical epilepsy is that current technology has limited accuracy in mapping neocortical epileptogenic tissue. It is precisely this problem -increasing the accuracy of the localization of epileptogenic tissue in neocortex - that this proposed research aims to solve. To address this problem, we will compare the accuracy of a new optical imaging method to the current clinical 'gold standard' of surface electrode grid array recordings. It is known that the optical spectroscopic properties of brain tissue are correlated with changes in neuronal activity. The method of mapping these activity-evoked optical changes is known as 'imaging of intrinsic optical signals' (IIOS). Activity-evoked optical changes measured in neocortex are most likely generated by changes in cerebral hemodynamics (i.e. changes in blood oxygenation and blood volume). Our experimental approach will be to acquire high resolution IIOS maps of epileptiform activity in an acute primate model of epilepsy, and to carefully compare the accuracy of IIOS maps to the current 'gold standard' -- recordings from surface electrode arrays. Our specific aims are to i) Determine the accuracy of optical spectroscopy for localizing neocortical neuronal populations involved in the generation and spread epileptogenic activity, and ii) Compare the accuracy of optical spectroscopic mapping to the 'gold standard' electrode grid arrays to guide the surgical resection of epileptic tissue.