Stigma & Behav Hlth in Urban Employers from China & US

描述(申请人提供)：该项目将涉及来自美国和中国的学者的合作努力，以研究与行为驱动型健康障碍相关的耻辱对与就业有关的歧视的影响。患有三种此类障碍的人将是这项研究的重点：精神障碍、酒精滥用障碍和艾滋病毒/艾滋病。这项研究将使用三个城市地点的概率样本来检验雇主的态度和行为(与普通公众相比)：芝加哥、北京和香港。中心研究问题包括为什么雇主支持对这些疾病的污名化信念，这些态度如何导致拒绝工作机会，以及社会和政治变量如何缓解雇主的态度和行动。首先，将对三个地点(N=360,120/城市)的不同雇主进行密集的定性访谈，以探索与雇用行为健康状况良好的人相关的态度、看法和行为。这项研究的结果将有助于以调查为基础的定量研究，该研究将使用情景评估策略和析因调查设计(N=900,300/城市)来测试雇主对具有行为驱动型健康状况的人的认知的社会认知模型。这将包括审查雇主对混乱的因果责任的归属；对混乱的稳定性和可恢复性的归属；对危险性的担忧；对无能的担忧；以及对传染的担忧。第三项研究将重复对代表香港、北京和芝加哥(N=3,000，1,000个城市)普通公众的样本进行的定量调查。最后，将考察社会文化因素(例如，个人主义与集体主义文化取向)对雇主对健康相关疾病患者的态度和行为的影响。这项研究的数据将对未来的耻辱改变计划的发展特别重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will involve a collaborative endeavor between scholars from the United States and the People's Republic of China to study the effects of stigma associated with behaviorally driven health disorders on employment-related discrimination. People with three such disorders will be the focus of this study: psychotic disorders, alcohol abuse disorders, and HIV/AIDS. The study will examine the attitudes and behaviors of employers (compared to the general public) using probability samples at three urban sites: Chicago, Beijing, and Hong Kong. Central research questions include why employers endorse stigmatizing beliefs about these disorders, how these attitudes result in withholding work opportunities, and how social and political variables mitigate employer attitudes and actions. First, intensive qualitative interviews will be conducted with a diverse sample of employers at the three sites (N =360, 120/city) to explore the relevant attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors related to hiring people with behavioral health conditions. Results from this study will help inform a survey-based quantitative study, which will test social cognitive models of employer perceptions of people with behaviorally driven health conditions using a vignette assessment strategy and factorial survey design (N = 900, 300/city). This will include examination of employer attributions of causal responsibility for the disorder; attributions about the stability and recoverability of the disorder; concerns about dangerousness; concerns about incompetence; and concerns about contagion. A third study will replicate the quantitative survey on samples representing the general public in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Chicago (N=3,000, 1,000/city). Finally, the effects of socio-cultural factors (e.g., individualist vs. collectivist cultural orientation) on employer attitudes and behavior vis-a-vis people with health-related conditions will be examined. Data from this study will be especially important for the development of future stigma-change programs.