A gradual farewell with music - exploring the role of music in bereaved people's everyday lives in facing the dying and death of a loved one

音乐是生活中不可或缺的一部分，包括在面临损失和危机的时候。我的博士学位探索了在丧亲之痛的背景下与音乐进行日常互动的一个被忽视的维度。很明显，丧亲经历本质上是社会性的，并不断被各种关系和更广泛的社会规范（重新）构建。尽管如此，在现有的文献中，丧亲者的经历在很大程度上被心理学和病理学化了，这些文献试图为“正常”和“健康”的悲伤开出处方。因此，在失去亲人和丧亲之痛时，音乐在很大程度上植根于治疗范式，这表明需要专业人士的指导来帮助丧亲之痛的人成功地与音乐互动。这种对形式化背景的关注（例如，咨询）一方面证明了音乐的独特力量;另一方面，音乐作为一种可供丧亲之人使用的工具的作用尚未得到充分探索。这一研究空白限制了学术理解和公众对音乐在日常生活中对丧亲之痛的价值的认识。我的博士学位将通过结合社会学和音乐学范式来探索音乐在人们丧亲之痛中的具体体验，从而解决这一空白。为了捕捉音乐在失去亲人的人的持续生活中的动态作用，我将专注于他们与音乐的互动，无论是在他们所爱的人的死亡过程中，还是在失去亲人后。借鉴“音乐”的理论，我将探讨个人如何主动和被动地利用音乐来（重新）塑造自己面对损失，以及如何“音乐素养”可能有助于更好地支持个人的损失经验。我将以以下研究问题为指导：* 丧失亲人的人如何利用音乐来理解日常生活中的损失，它是否在将损失融入正在进行的生活中发挥持续的作用？* 音乐有助于加强与垂死之人的联系吗？垂死的人会用音乐来保持自己的身份吗？ * 在所爱之人的临终过程中使用音乐会影响丧亲之痛中使用音乐吗？ * 在丧亲之痛的持续过程中，音乐如何塑造个人的身份？* 当面对死亡过程和失去亲人时，是否应该进一步鼓励丧亲之人每天使用音乐（音乐）？我将遵循三个主要程序，首先，我将回顾现有的文献，发展“音乐”作为一个理论透镜来探讨音乐的作用。其次，我将对20位失去亲人的人进行深入和半结构化的采访，探索音乐是如何在死亡过程中和失去亲人后进行的。这种对他们经历的连续性的关注旨在更深入地了解音乐作为一个人的传记存在的一部分的作用。我还将采访10名护理专业人员，探讨音乐如何在更正式的环境中丰富丧亲支持。第三，我将通过归纳法对访谈进行主题分析，以了解音乐如何塑造失去亲人的人的经历以及他们正在进行的生活，以及他们将音乐作为一种有意义的话语所面临的障碍。通过与不同的利益相关者密切合作，我的研究旨在重塑丧亲支持，进一步将音乐作为一种广泛的话语，既赋予权力，又丰富了丧亲之痛的人的经验。通过与该领域的顶尖学者合作，我的项目将促进新的贡献，创新健康和社会护理结构，以实现临终关怀和丧亲支持。该项目的研究结果将进一步研究“音乐素养”，以塑造非正式的政策制定（例如，家庭）和正式（例如，精神病学和护理机构）环境。

Music is an integral part of life, including at times when facing loss and crisis. My PhD explores a much-overlooked dimension of everyday interactions with music in the context of bereavement. It is clear that bereavement experiences are inherently social and constantly (re)constructed by varied relationships and wider social norms. Despite this, the experiences of bereaved people have been largely psychologised and pathologised in existing literature, which seeks to prescribe pathways for 'normal' and 'healthy' grieving. As such, music during times of loss and bereavement has been largely rooted in the therapy paradigm, which suggests that guidance from professionals is required to help bereaved individuals successfully interact with music. This focus on formalised contexts (e.g., counselling) has on the one hand evidenced music's unique power; on the other hand, the role of music for bereaved people as an accessible tool has been underexplored. This research gap has restricted academic understandings and public awareness of the value of music for bereaved people in everyday settings.My PhD will address this gap by marrying sociological and musicological paradigms to explore the embodied experience of music in people's bereavement. To capture the dynamic role of music in bereaved people's ongoing lives, I will focus on their interactions with music both during the dying process of their loved one and post loss. Drawing on the theory of 'musicking', I will explore how individuals both actively and passively draw on music to (re)shape themselves in facing loss and how a 'music literacy' may help better support individual's experiences of loss. I will be guided by the following research questions: * How do bereaved individuals draw on music to make sense of loss in everyday life and does it play a continued role in integrating loss into ongoing life? * Does music help to reinforce bonds with the dying person? Does the dying person use music to preserve their identity? * Does the use of music during the dying process of a loved one shape the use of music in bereavement? * How can music shape an individual's identity in the ongoing process of bereavement? * Should the everyday use of music (musicking) be further encouraged for bereaved people when facing the dying process and loss of a loved one? I will follow three main procedures, firstly, I will review existing literature to develop 'musicking' as a theoretical lens to explore the role of music. Secondly, I will conduct in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 20 bereaved individuals, exploring how music is engaged with both in the dying process and post the loss of their loved one. This focus on the continuity of their experiences aims to shed a deeper insight into the role of music as part of one's biographical being. I will also interview 10 care professionals to explore how music can enrich bereavement support in a more formal setting. Thirdly, I will conduct a thematic analysis of the interviews, informed by an inductive approach, to understand how music could shape bereaved people's experiences alongside their ongoing lives and what barriers they confront to accessing music as a meaningful discourse. By working closely with varied stakeholders, my study aims to reshape bereavement support to further incorporate music as a widely accessible discourse, both empowering and enriching bereaved people's experiences. By engaging with leading academics in the field, my project will facilitate novel contributions, innovating health and social care structures for end-of-life care and bereavement support. Findings from this project will further examine a 'music literacy' to shape policy-making both in informal (e.g., family) and formal (e.g., psychiatry and care facilities) settings.