Coleccionando el Pacifico: A Study of 18th and 19th Century Oceania Collections in Spanish Museums

本研究以西班牙博物馆收藏的18、19世纪大洋洲人种志为研究对象。这些藏品大多是通过大型科学考察，如马拉斯皮纳考察（1789-1794），三次塔希提考察（1772-1775）和Comisión太平洋科学考察（1862-1869），以及西班牙传教士和殖民地在太平洋的存在（菲律宾，马里亚纳群岛，卡罗琳群岛）收集的。西班牙博物馆大约有500件来自大洋洲的非凡物品。然而，由于西班牙在大洋洲的存在与美洲更激烈的殖民发展相比是边缘的，这些收藏在很大程度上被西班牙和外国研究人员忽视，只进行了切线的研究，不像英国、法国、德国或荷兰的类似收藏。这些物品大多被保存在仓库里，因此对西班牙公众来说仍然是未知的。因此，这个主题为原创性研究提供了一个独特的机会，它将得到其他欧洲国家对藏品的研究的协助和补充。抵达西班牙后，太平洋文物被编入目录，有时是错误的，并被分配到国家博物馆。后来，随着藏品和国家机构的改造，物品被重新分配，没有明确的模式，通常最终被储存起来。今天，收藏18世纪和19世纪太平洋材料的主要西班牙博物馆是amacimica博物馆、国家人类学博物馆、海军博物馆（都在马德里）和ejacimcito博物馆（托莱多）。这个主题提供了一个独特的研究机会，因为西班牙的收藏没有像英国、法国、荷兰或德国的收藏那样被研究过。我的项目将对现有文献进行创新、整合和比较分析。了解这些物品不仅需要识别藏品和相关文件，还需要理解它们被收集和分类的殖民背景和知识传统。因此，通过对这些藏品进行原始的、比较的和系统的研究，该项目将重点关注物品传记、西班牙帝国在太平洋地区通过-à-vis其他欧洲帝国的案例、启蒙时代西班牙系统收藏的知识根源，以及博物馆与原始社区之间的互动。这样一个雄心勃勃的项目需要多学科的方法论方法，将人类学、历史学、博物馆学和艺术史的方法结合起来。这个项目之所以重要，不仅是因为它为藏品研究领域增加了新的研究，还因为它将促进三个相互关联的进程：将西班牙藏品纳入更广泛的太平洋研究领域，为西班牙博物馆学的历史做出贡献，并将西班牙博物馆藏品与原社区联系起来。

This study focuses on the 18th and 19th century ethnographic collections from Oceania held in Spanish museums. These collections were mostly assembled via large scientific expeditions such as the Malaspina Expedition (1789-1794), three Tahiti Expeditions (1772-1775), and the Comisión Cientifica del Pacifico (1862-1869), as well as via the Spanish missionary and colonial presence in the Pacific (Philippines, Marianas Islands, Caroline Islands). Spanish museums have an estimated 500 remarkable objects from Oceania. However, as the Spanish presence in Oceania was marginal to more intense colonial developments in America, these collections have been largely neglected and treated only tangentially by both Spanish and foreign researchers, unlike similar collections in the UK, France, Germany or The Netherlands. Most of these objects are kept in storage, and hence remain unknown to the wider Spanish public. Thus, this topic presents a unique opportunity for original research that will be assisted by, and complementary to, research done on collections in other European countries.On their arrival in Spain, Pacific objects were catalogued, at times wrongly, and distributed among state museums. Later, as collections and state institutions were refashioned, objects were redistributed with no clear pattern, usually ending up in storage. Today, the main Spanish museums that house 18th and 19th century material from the Pacific are Museo de América, Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Museo Naval (all in Madrid), and Museo del Ejército (Toledo).This topic presents a unique research opportunity because Spanish collections have not been studied in the way that British, French, Dutch or German collections have been. My project will add an innovative, integrated and comparative analysis to existing literature. Understanding these objects not only entails the identification of the collections and related documentation, but also making sense of the colonial context and the intellectual traditions in which they were collected and classified. Thus, through an original, comparative and systematic study of these collections, the project will focus on object biographies, the case of the Spanish empire in the Pacific via-à-vis other European empires, the intellectual roots of Enlightenment-era systematic collecting in Spain, and the interaction between museums and communities of origin. Such an ambitious project requires a multidisciplinary methodological approach, bringing into play methods from Anthropology, History, Museology and Art History.This project is important not only because it adds fresh research to the field of collections studies, but it will also contribute to three interrelated processes: placing Spanish collections within the broader field of Pacific studies, contributing to the history of Museology in Spain, and connecting Spanish museum collections to communities of origin.