Understanding the support needs of the dependents of modern slavery survivors: An embedded case study.

据估计，全球有4030万人被奴役，其中英国有13.6万人（2018年全球奴隶制指数）。在英国，国家推荐机制（NRM）是支持幸存者遭受剥削后的官方途径。2019年，10627名现代奴隶制的潜在受害者被提交给NRM，比2018年增加了52%（英国内政部，2020年）。英国现代奴隶制的幸存者来自100多个不同的国家，其中来自阿尔巴尼亚、越南、中国和印度的人数尤其多。向被转介到国家抵抗委员会并得到积极理由决定的所有幸存者提供广泛的支持，并进行了大量研究，调查现代奴隶制对幸存者的健康和社会需求。对于成年人来说，虽然认识到幸存者可能有家属（例如儿童），但在认识到他们的具体需要方面存在重大差距。受扶养人和家庭的健康和社会支持需求在英国文献中报道不足，关于现代奴隶制幸存者护理的主要信息来源，包括《2018年英国现代奴隶制护理标准》，很少提及受扶养人。除此之外，大多数NRM过程都集中在转介成人身上，并假设成人可以为其依赖者提供适当的支持需求，这极大地阻碍了成人及其依赖者的康复能力。因此，英国境内的现代奴隶制权利目前作为两个单独的条款存在；无人陪伴的未成年人支持，以及成人支持，有陪伴的未成年人和受抚养的成年人处于空白状态。此外，由于依赖条款不是通过NRM合同资助的，提供者倾向于选择远离家庭伴侣支持，特别是安全住宿支持，这在英国是非常缺乏的。研究目标和问题该博士研究生将探索现代奴隶制幸存者家属的经历、需求和支持，以填补重要的证据空白，并为政策和NRM变化提供信息。其目的是发展一种数据驱动的、理论上知情的理解，这可能对服务和支助提供的发展产生重大影响。它将包括以下问题；(1)现代奴隶制幸存者家属的生理、心理和社会支持需求是什么？(2)哪些因素促进或阻碍被扶养人获得支持？(3)依赖者用来维持健康和幸福的优势、应对策略和弹性是什么？该博士学位将与英国现代奴隶制慈善机构“城市之心”进行合作研究。将利用观察和访谈进行定性的个案研究。将开发一种以“驻场研究员”模式（Vindrola-Padros et al. 2019）为基础的参与式方法，包括研究人员、从业人员和服务使用者（例如现代奴隶制的幸存者及其家属）之间的知识共同创造。托管是这种方法的一个核心特点，不仅有助于深入了解提供和接受支持的过程和经验，而且还可以通过技能和知识的转移在主办机构内发展研究能力。研究结果将为正在进行的内政部NRM转型和相关政策提供信息，并将用于学术出版；还将编写政策简报和从业人员报告，以促进更广泛的知识交流。“驻院研究员”的做法还将促进将研究结果迅速应用于实践和在“城市之心”内提供服务。

An estimated 40.3 million people are enslaved worldwide, including 136,000 in the UK (Global Slavery Index, 2018). The National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is the official route for supporting survivor's post-exploitation in the UK. In 2019, 10,627 potential victims of modern slavery were referred to the NRM: a 52% increase from 2018 (Home Office, 2020). Modern slavery survivors in the UK come from more than 100 different countries, with particularly high numbers from Albania, Vietnam, China and India.Wide ranging support is available to all survivors who are referred to the NRM and receive a positive grounds decision, with a wealth of research examining the health and social needs survivors have as a result of modern slavery. For adults, while there is a recognition that survivors may have dependents (e.g., children), there is a significant gap in the acknowledgement of their specific needs. The health and social support needs of dependents and families are under-reported in UK literature, with main sources of information regarding the care of modern slavery survivors, including the UK Modern Slavery Care Standards 2018, minimally referencing dependents. Alongside this, the majority of NRM processes are focused on the referred adult, with the assumption that the adult can provide suitable support needs for their dependent, which greatly hinders the ability of both the adult and their dependent to rehabilitate.As such, modern slavery entitlements within the UK currently present as two separate provisions; unaccompanied minor support, and adult support, with accompanied minors and dependent adults falling through the gap. Moreover, as dependent provisions are not funded through the NRM contract, providers tend to opt away from family-partner support, in particular, safe accommodation support, which is significantly lacking in the UK.Research Aim and QuestionsThis PhD studentship will explore the experiences, needs and support provision for dependents of those who have survived modern slavery to fill important evidence gaps and inform policy and NRM change. The aim will be to develop a data driven, theoretically informed understanding that could have significant implications for the development of services and support provision. It will include questions such as;(1) What are the physical, mental, and social support needs of dependents of modern slavery survivors?(2) What are the factors that facilitator or hinder dependents in accessing support?(3) What are the strengths, coping strategies and resiliencies that dependents use to maintain their health and wellbeing?MethodologyThis PhD will be a collaborative study with City Hearts, a UK modern slavery charity. A qualitative, case study utilising observation and interviews will be undertaken. A participatory approach underpinned by the "researcher in residence" model (Vindrola-Padros et al. 2019) will be developed, embracing the co-creation of knowledge between researchers, practitioners and those who use services (e.g., survivors of modern slavery and their dependents). Co-location is a central feature of this approach, not only facilitating an in-depth understanding of the processes and experiences involved in providing and receiving support, but also developing research capacity within the host organisation through the transfer of skills and knowledge.The results will look to inform the ongoing Home Office NRM transformation and related policy, and in addition to academic publication; policy briefings and practitioner reports will also be produced to facilitate wider knowledge exchange. The "researcher in residence" approach will also facilitate the rapid uptake of findings into practice and service delivery within City Hearts.