The cultures political participation in UKIP. An Ethnographic exploration of English Nationalism in a coastal town in South East Essex

在英国脱欧后的英国社会中，极右翼团体的参与率正在上升，这项及时的研究将探索英国独立党支持者的政治参与文化。田野调查将在以白人为主的工人阶级占多数的沿海小镇艾塞克斯克拉克顿的那兹河畔沃尔顿进行。这个项目有可能为英国政治和右翼政治引入新的人类学洞察力，并有助于在英国和其他地方引发关于“英国化”、种族主义和“白人民族主义”的辩论。这个项目将加深人类学家对英国社会、英国政治和民族主义的理解。人类学对人格、亲属关系、身份认同和民族主义之间的相互关联的研究由来已久(Wolf，1982；Kapferer，2001；Eriksen，2002；Spencer，2014)。从理论上讲，该项目是在这项工作和当前关于右翼参与的辩论的基础上发展起来的，包括历史威权主义、宗教力量、对民主的不满以及英国独立党关于英国国家的包容性概念(马歇尔，2014；马丁和史密斯，2014；蒙登，2015；莫雷洛克，2018，雷姆唐克，2020)。该项目还将借鉴当代的个人自主理论(Glaskin，2012；Cruz，2019；Enke，2019)，以及解释通过历史条件社会背景使某些类型的暴力合法化的文化习俗的暴力道德经济学(Taussig，1987；Rabasa，2000；Shoshan，2016)。该项目旨在探索英国独立党支持者的政治参与文化，并利用这些数据开发一个分析基础，以重新评估现有的关于右翼参与、身份问题和英格兰及其他地区政治的理论。为了了解英国独立党在该地区的支持率，我想问一问：为什么英国独立党政治在特定的社会阶层和地区中很受欢迎？要回答这个问题，就需要掌握允许右翼政治在英格兰各省发展的社会历史和经济条件。因此，首先有必要勾勒出使特定的极端激进和排外意识形态合法化(或拒绝)的思想图景。该项目将试图了解为什么人们会参与这样的政治活动，或者投票给那些不顾法律、对他人发表极端观点而名声大噪的政客。聚焦于克拉克顿河畔沃尔顿镇，我将探索当地的政治参与文化，并提出以下问题：它们与社会经济流动性、经济竞争和当地赞助人-客户网络有什么关系；阶级、贫困和‘白人特权’是如何进入方程式的？人们开发了哪些概念和词汇来合法化(或拒绝)社会保守的种族主义政策和爱国主义？他们持有什么样的关于种族和血统的民间理论？谁是敌人，产生了什么类型的神话？这样的政治给人们的日常生活带来了什么样的希望？这将是一份收集在埃塞克斯克拉克顿河上沃尔顿的民族志。英国最右翼的地区--2017年66%的人投票支持英国独立党，91%的人投票脱离欧盟(选举计算，2017)。实地考察将进行12个月。我将参加议会、规划委员会和其他会议，以及他举行的手术。这些手术应该让人们深入了解人们的问题和抱怨，帮助理解风景，并提供与其他极右翼势力建立联系的机会。我将把自己融入到该地区的英国独立党实践中。由此，我可以参与其他生活领域的参与者，如家庭和娱乐，因为与自由主义不同，右翼支持者拒绝可分离的公共和私人自我的概念，将种族主义议程与主流生活结合起来(Blee，2002)。

As participation in U.K. far-right groups is rising in a post-Brexit U.K. society, this timely study will explore the cultures of political participation among UKIP supporters. Fieldwork will take place in the white-majority working-class coastal town of Walton-on-the-Naze, Clacton, Essex. This project has the potential to introduce new anthropological insight into British politics, and right-wing politics and contribute to debates about 'Englishness', racism, and 'white Nationalism' in the U.K. and beyond. This project will further anthropologists understanding of English society, British politics and Nationalism. Anthropology has a long-established study of the interlocked relations between personhood, kinship, identity and Nationalism (Wolf, 1982; Kapferer, 2001; Eriksen, 2002; Spencer, 2014). Theoretically, the project develops from this work and current debates about right-wing participation, including historical authoritarianism, the strength of religion, dissatisfaction with democracy and, UKIP's inclusive notion of a British nation (Marshall, 2014; Martin and Smith, 2014; Mondon, 2015; Morelock, 2018, Raemdonck, 2020). The project will also draw from contemporary theories of individual autonomy (Glaskin, 2012; Cruz, 2019; Enke,2019), and the moral economy of violence that explains the cultural conventions that legitimises some types of violence through historically conditional social contexts (Taussig, 1987; Rabasa, 2000; Shoshan, 2016). The project aims to explore cultures of political participation among UKIP supporters in the U.K. and use this data to develop an analytical basis to re-evaluate existing theories concerning right-wing participation, questions of identity and politics in England and beyond. In order to understand UKIP support in the region, I will ask: Why is UKIP politics popular among particular sectors of society and regions? Answering this question requires a grasp of the socio-historical and economic conditions that allow for the development of right-wing politics in provincial England. Therefore, it will first be necessary to map out the landscape of ideas that legitimise (or reject) particular, extreme radical and xenophobic ideology. The project will seek to understand why people participate in such politics or vote for politicians with reputations for wielding extreme views on 'others', despite the law. Focusing on the town of Walton-on-the-Naze, Clacton, I will explore local cultures of political participation and ask the following questions: How are they related to socio-economic mobility, economic competition, and local patron-client networks; and how do class, poverty and 'white privilege' enter the equation? What concepts and vocabularies are developed by people to legitimise (or reject) socially conservative racist policies and patriotism? What kind of folk theories of race and descent do they hold? Who are the enemies and what type of mythologies are produced? And what kinds of hopes do such politics bring to the everyday life of people? This will be an ethnography collected in Walton-on-the-Naze, Clacton, Essex. The most far-right area in the U.K. - 66% voted UKIP in 2017, and 91% voted to leave the E.U. (Electoral Calculus, 2017). Fieldwork will take place for 12 months. I will attend councils, planning committees, and other meetings, and the surgeries he holds. The surgeries should provide an insight into people's problems and complaints, help to understand landscapes and provides an opportunity to get connected with other extreme right influences. I will embed myself in UKIP practices of the area. From this, I can get involved with participants in other realms of life such as family and entertainment as, unlike liberalism, right supporters reject the notion of separable public and private selves, combining racist agendas with mainstream lives (Blee, 2002).