Tanzania Injection Drug Use/HIV Prevention Project

注射吸毒对撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病的影响几乎没有得到科学关注。“坦桑尼亚艾滋病预防项目”（TAPP）将调查撒哈拉以南非洲地区注射毒品的使用情况。TAPP以我们过去两年在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆进行的研究为基础。我们的研究有力地表明，注射毒品的使用可能是非洲，特别是城市地区艾滋病流行的一个重要因素。TAPP有六个具体目标。它们是：描述安全针头使用和性行为的环境障碍和促进因素；描述双体结构内共用针头和性行为的细微差别；描述社会耻辱感对HTV检测和教育活动的可接受性的影响；估计达累斯萨拉姆毒品注射者中艾滋病毒的流行情况；估计双重结构内安全/不安全针头使用和安全/不安全性行为的流行程度；并评估在二元结构中更安全地使用针头和避孕套的意图。我们将使用由定性和定量组成的混合方法研究设计来实现这些目标。数据收集将以社会认知理论为指导。数据将从居住在达累斯萨拉姆七个社区的注射吸毒者的有目的样本中收集。混合设计的两个组成部分是互补的，每个组成部分产生的数据经过三角测量后，将提供有关注射毒品HTV风险环境的丰富评估，注射吸毒者中HTV的流行情况，以及足够的社会认知数据，以指导制定与坦桑尼亚背景相关的与注射吸毒有关的HTV发病率的干预措施。

The contribution made by injection drug use to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa has received little scientific attention. The "TANZANIAN AIDS PREVENTION PROJECT, (TAPP)," will investigate injection drug use in Sub-Saharan African. TAPP builds on research we have been conducting for the past two years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Our studies strongly suggest that injection drug use may be a significant contributor to the AIDS pandemic in Africa, especially in urban areas. TAPP has six specific aims. They are: to describe the environmental barriers to and facilitators of safer needle use and sexual practices; to describe the nuances of needle sharing and sexual practices within dyad structures; to describe the effect of social stigma as a barrier to acceptability of HTV testing and educational activities; to estimate HTV prevalence among drug injectors in Dar es Salaam; to estimate the prevalence of safe/unsafe needle use and safe/unsafe sexual behaviors within dyad structures; and to estimate safer needle use and condom use intentions within dyad structures. We will accomplish these aims using a mixed method research design composed of qualitative and quantitative components. Data collection will be guided by the Social Cognitive Theory. Data will be collected from purposeful samples of injection drug users residing in seven neighborhoods in Dar es Salaam. The two components of the mixed design are complementary, each producing data that, when triangulated, will provide a rich assessment of the HTV injection drug risk environment, prevalence of HTV among injection drug users, and sufficient social cognitive data to guide the development of interventions to decrease HTV incidence related to injection drug use that are relevant to the Tanzanian context.