Criminal Justice, Race, and HIV Risk in CT Drug Users

说明(由申请人提供)：该试行项目是根据RFA-DA-04-015号文件“刑事司法系统中吸毒者的艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他感染情况”提交的，请求在R21机制下提供支持。它将研究参与刑事司法(CJ)系统随后如何塑造有吸毒史的个人的艾滋病毒相关风险和行为，以及这如何因种族和性别而异。它将特别侧重于了解刑事司法系统如何作为吸毒者中与毒品和性有关的艾滋病毒风险的结构性决定因素运作，并在了解这一认识的情况下，确定潜在的结构性干预措施--社区司法系统的修改--以促进吸毒者中艾滋病毒的预防。该项目将从个人的角度审查这些问题，以便更好地了解参与社区司法系统的医务人员的艾滋病毒预防需求，并从社区司法系统的角度来了解哪里可能有机会进行改革或利用社区司法人员促进艾滋病毒预防(潜在的结构性干预措施)。关于个人，它将审查三个具体的机制，通过这三个机制，假定社区司法系统将对DU中的风险产生影响，包括通过其对以下方面的影响：社会支持网络和家庭关系、社会经济脆弱性以及获得减少风险方案的机会。关于终审法院制度，它将侧重于缓刑和假释制度，包括与P/P有关的法律和条例，以及赋予这些制度中的关键行为者(如缓刑和假释官、律师和法官)的责任和权力，以及他们如何行使这一权力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This exploratory pilot project is being submitted in response to RFA-DA-04-015, "HIV/AIDS and Other Infections among Drug Users in the Criminal Justice System" for support under the R21 mechanism. It will examine how involvement in the criminal justice (CJ) system subsequently shapes the HIV related risks and behaviors of individuals with a history of drug use, and how this varies by race and gender. It will focus in particular on understanding how the criminal justice system operates as a structural determinant of both drug- and sexual-related HIV risk in drug users (DUs), and with this understanding, on identifying potential structural interventions-modifications in the CJ system-for promoting HIV prevention among DUs. The project will examine these issues from the perspective of the individual, in order to better understand the HIV prevention needs of DUs involved with the CJ system, and from the perspective of the CJ system, in order to understand where there may be opportunities for reforms or for utilizing CJ personnel to promote HIV prevention (potential structural interventions). With regard to the individual, it will examine three specific mechanisms through which the CJ system is hypothesized to impact on risk among DUs, including, through its effects on: social support networks and family relationships, socio-economic vulnerability, and access to risk reduction programs. With regard to the CJ system, it will focus on the systems of probation and parole (PIP), including laws and regulations relating to P/P, as well as the responsibilities and authority invested in key actors in these systems (e.g. probation and parole officers, attorneys, and judges) and how they exercise this authority.