Exploring Safety, Gender, and Health and Well-being Concerns: Participatory Research with Rohingya Adoelscent Refugees and Asylum-Seekers

背景：自1990年代以来，许多罗兴亚人在缅甸遭受系统性迫害和被剥夺公民身份后，逃往邻国，包括马来西亚。冲突导致的被迫移徙造成了大量的死亡率和健康状况不佳，特别是与暴力风险有关。家庭破裂削弱了现有的保护和供应，迫使许多罗兴亚青少年男孩从事非正式工作。罗兴亚少女面临着更高的性别暴力风险，例如通过贩运或走私到马来西亚早婚，青少年怀孕并发症带来有害的HWB后果。由于马来西亚不是1951年《难民公约》的签署国，他们缺乏法律地位，在这种旷日持久的城市难民局势中引起了具体的儿童保护问题。这些威胁包括被移民当局拘留、被排除在正规教育和就业之外，以及获得医疗保健和司法服务的机会有限。然而，关于儿童保护的研究很少，而对罗兴亚青少年本身的性别观点给予特权的研究也很少。方法：本研究旨在通过以青年为中心的参与式方法，探讨马来西亚10-24岁罗兴亚青少年的安全、性别和HWB问题。首先，利益相关者协商和实地考察反思能够对参与研究中的伦理问题进行批判性分析，以确保在没有当地指导方针的情况下进行安全的研究。其次，多模态定性研究探讨罗兴亚青少年的性别经历和对安全、暴力和应对策略的看法，通过：(i)参与行动研究，共同设计一个女孩的安全空间社区活动；以培训为基础的研究咨询讲习班，由男女混合的青年代表参加；焦点小组讨论；（四）半结构化访谈。第三，对孟加拉国罗兴亚青少年调查的二次分析将检查马来西亚罗兴亚青少年优先考虑的社会问题对HWB的影响。最后，研究结果将被三角化，以“安全”的概念为出发点，通过理论阐述，以Galtung的“暴力”概念为出发点。核心技能要求：涉及弱势儿童和年轻人的研究伦理跨学术界和第三部门组织的合作研究跨文化社区参与以青年为中心的参与式方法多模式定性数据收集和分析跨学科研究的混合方法预期影响：本研究涉及联合国可持续发展目标16.2（结束对儿童的暴力行为），10.7（促进有序，安全和负责任的移民）和5（性别平等）。这项研究力求使有实际经验的难民青少年参与产生证据，以加强当地儿童保护和青少年HWB方案编制。在移民叙事和服务设计中纳入罗兴亚青少年的声音和自我代表，维护了青少年在影响他们的问题上发表意见的权利。关键词：儿童保护、安全、暴力、青少年健康和福祉、性别、难民和寻求庇护者、以青年为中心的参与性研究、城市难民、全球卫生、低收入和中等收入国家

PATHWAY: International Development, Health and WellbeingBACKGROUND: Following systematic persecution and denial of citizenship in Myanmar, many Rohingya people fled to neighbouring countries, including Malaysia since the 1990s. Conflict-induced forced migration contributes to substantial levels of mortality and poor health and well-being (HWB), particularly associated with risks of violence. Family disruption erodes available protection and provision, pushing many Rohingya adolescent boys into informal work. Rohingya adolescent girls face heightened risks of gender-based violence, for instance through trafficking or smuggling into Malaysia for early marriage, with detrimental HWB consequences from teenage pregnancy complications. As Malaysia is a non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, their lack of legal status gives rise to specific child protection concerns in this protracted urban refugee situation. These include compounding threats of detention by immigration authorities, exclusion from formal education and employment, and limited access to healthcare and justice. Yet, there has been little research examining child protection and HWB concerns privileging the gendered perspectives of Rohingya adolescents themselves. METHODS: This research aims to explore safety, gender, and HWB concerns among Rohingya adolescents between 10-24 years old in Malaysia using a youth-centred participatory approach. Firstly, stakeholder consultations and fieldwork reflections enable critical analyses of ethical issues in participatory research with this population to ensure safe research conduct in the absence of local guidelines. Secondly, multimodal qualitative research explores Rohingya adolescents' gendered experiences and perceptions of safety, violence, and coping strategies, through: (i) participatory action research to co-design a safe space community event for girls; (ii) training-based research consultation workshops with mix-gendered youth representatives, (iii) focus group discussions; and (iv) semi-structured interviews. Thirdly, a secondary analysis of a survey among Rohingya adolescents in Bangladesh will examine the HWB impact of social issues prioritised by Rohingya adolescents in Malaysia. Finally, findings will be triangulated to conceptualise "safety", via theory elaboration using Galtung's conceptualisation of "violence" as a point of departure. CORE SKILLS REQUIRED:Research ethics involving vulnerable children and young people Collaborative research across academia and third-sector organisationsCross-cultural community engagement Youth-centred participatory approachMultimodal qualitative data collection and analysisMixed methods for interdisciplinary researchINTENDED IMPACT: This research addresses UN SDG 16.2 (end violence against children), 10.7 (facilitate orderly, safe and responsible migration), and 5 (gender equality). This research seeks to involve refugee adolescents with lived experience in generating evidence to strengthen local child protection and adolescent HWB programming. Including the voices and self-representation of Rohingya adolescents in the migration narrative and service design upholds adolescents' right to be heard in matters affecting them. KEYWORDS: child protection, safety, violence, adolescent health and wellbeing, gender, refugee and asylum-seeker, youth-centred participatory research, urban refugee, global health, LMIC