Simulation to address gender-based differences in leadership, teamwork, and safety

描述（由申请人提供）：领导能力和临床决策技能在安全医疗实践中至关重要，特别是对于那些几秒钟可能意味着生与死之间差异的领域的提供者。每个人持有的文化规范、信仰和假设会影响领导绩效，也会影响团队成员对领导者的行为和行为的解释。目的：该资助旨在：I)通过对急诊医学（EM）和妇产科（Ob/Gyn）住院医师的全国调查，描述住院医师对领导力的看法以及性别影响领导力和团队合作的临床情况和机制；II)让国家领导人参与模拟、领导力、团队合作和医疗培训，开发基于模拟的专家模型领导力培训，发挥男性和女性领导者的优势，弥补他们面临的挑战，提高有效的领导力，促进患者安全；III)进行大型多中心随机对照（RCT）试验，评估领导力定制培训对自我感知和客观领导技能的有效性

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Leadership and clinical decision-making skills are critical in the practice of safe medicine, particularly for providers in fields where seconds can mean the difference between life and death. Cultural norms, beliefs and assumptions that each person holds can influence leadership performance as well as individual team members' interpretations of leaders' actions and behaviors in response to others. Aims: This grant aims to: I) Characterize residents' perceptions of leadership and the clinical situations and mechanisms by which gender affects leadership and teamwork through a national survey of Emergency Medicine (EM) and Obstetrics & Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) resident physicians; II) Engage national leaders in simulation, leadership, teamwork, and medical training to develop simulation-based expert model leadership training that leverages strengths and compensates for challenges faced by male and female leaders to improve effective leadership and promote patient safety; and III) Conduct a large multi-centered randomized controlled (RCT) trial to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored leadership training on self-perceived and objective leadership skills and team performance. Methods: We propose to conduct a national survey of all EM and Ob/Gyn residents at academic medical centers to understand how gender affects leadership and teamwork (Aim I), develop a simulation-based, gender-sensitive training with the help of national leadership, teamwork, and clinical experts (Aim II), and conduct a RCT of that training with EM and Ob/Gyn resident physicians at selected sites across the country, evaluating the effectiveness of the training through simulation (Aim III). Significance: Leadership is an important element of effective teamwork. In the hospital setting, effective leadership and teamwork leads to greater patient safety. Using simulation to create tailored leadership training that takes into account societal biases about gender and leadership will create better leaders and ultimately create a safer patient healthcare experience.