Printing solar cells for future technologies

背景应用目标和集成光伏(ATIP)项目是一项GB 600万GB的计划拨款，由特定和斯旺西大学牵头，与伦敦帝国理工学院和牛津大学密切合作，并得到12个主要行业合作伙伴的支持。由EPSRC资助的整个项目的主要目标是推动下一代有机光伏和钙钛矿光伏的应用，以支持未来的技术，该EngD项目涉及作为Trystan Watson教授领导的特定光伏研究团队的一部分，将印刷光伏从实验室扩大到工厂。光伏放大和稳定性研究活动目前在斯旺西大学进行，并安置在专门建造的设施中，其中包括新的稳定性测试和净室打印设施。印刷能力包括丝网、喷墨、槽模、刀片、凹版和柔印。特指的光伏特性实验室的建立是为了快速推进玻璃或柔性金属和塑料表面上的薄膜光伏材料的原型制造。项目目的研究工程师将在更大的项目团队中工作，将实验室开发的小面积太阳能电池(钙钛矿和有机光伏)转移到大面积工业化工艺；与伦敦帝国理工学院和牛津大学的合作者合作，确保有针对性的功能性和加工性。这将涉及使用符合方案设计要求的方法，为沉积和干燥基于溶液的钙钛矿和有机太阳能电池材料制定规模战略，并实现一体化；特别侧重于缩小小面积和大面积电池之间的效率差距。日常活动将需要使用传统的实验室方法(旋涂)以及与工业更相关的方法(开槽、卷对卷、丝网印刷)来制造和表征太阳能电池。将有机会发展功能材料的印刷、涂层和寿命测试方面的技能，以及开发使能技术，并提供至少一种先进材料表征技术的专业知识(扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附、X射线衍射仪等)。

BackgroundThe Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics (ATIP) project is a £6M Programme Grant led by SPECIFIC and Swansea University, in close collaboration with Imperial College London and Oxford University and supported by 12 key industrial partners. The main objective of the overall project, funded by EPSRC, is to drive the uptake of next generation organic photovoltaics and perovskite photovoltaics (PV) to support future technologies and this EngD project relates to the scale-up of printed photovoltaics from laboratory to factory as part of the SPECIFIC PV research team led by Professor Trystan Watson. The PV scale-up and stability research activity is currently carried out at Swansea University and is housed in purpose-built facilities which include a new stability testing and cleanroom printing facility. Printing capabilities include screen, inkjet, slot-die, blade, gravure, and flexography. The photovoltaic characterisation laboratory at SPECIFIC is setup to rapidly progress the prototyping of thin film PV materials on glass or flexible metal and plastic surfaces. Project AimsThe research engineer will work within the larger project team to transfer small area laboratory developed solar cells (perovskite and organic photovoltaics) to large-area industrialised processes; working with collaborators at Imperial College London and Oxford University to ensure targeted functionality and processability. This will involve developing scaling strategies for depositing and drying solution-based perovskite and organic solar cell materials using methods that meet the programme's design requirements and enabling integration; particularly focusing on reducing the efficiency gap between small and large area cells.Day to day activities will entail the fabrication and characterisation of solar cells using both conventional laboratory methods (spin-coating) as well as more industrially relevant methods (slot-die, roll to roll, screen printing). There will be opportunity to develop skills in printing, coating and lifetime testing of functional materials and the development of enabling technologies, with provision to specialise in at least one advanced materials characterisation technique (SEM, N2 adsorption, XRD, etc).