Interface Engineering for Terawatt Scale Deployment of Perovskite-on-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

硅基钙钛矿串联太阳能电池太瓦级部署的接口工程

• 批准号: EP/X037169/1
• 负责人: Ruy Bonilla Osorio
• 金额: $ 146.31万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX037169%2F1
• 关键词: Interface; Engineering; Terawatt; Scale; Deployment

Terawatt (TW) deployment of renewable energy is critical for the world to achieve net-zero emissions. Solar power is one of the most promising technologies for renewable electricity generation and has the largest available resource for exploitation. To boost solar electricity to TW levels, we must accelerate the development of new technologies enabling ever higher efficiencies. At present, the dominant silicon technology is close to reaching its practical efficiency limit. For higher performance to be unlocked, other semiconductor absorbers must be adopted in what is known as a tandem architecture: where two or more light absorbers are integrated on top of each other to make better use of high energy visible photons, reduce thermalisation losses and convert a higher fraction of the solar energy into electrical energy. Among such new absorbers, mixed organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors have recently witnessed unprecedented progress and are the most promising technology to integrate into a tandem device. Significant advances have already been made integrating perovskites with silicon to make high efficiency tandems, but efforts so far have almost ubiquitously employed high-end silicon heterojunction rear cells, which do not represent the main-stream mass-produced Si PV technology. In this project, we will tackle the development of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells based on the lowest cost "PERC" and "TOPCon" silicon cells. Our goal is to deliver a novel tandem technology with the potential to scale up to TW levels, due to moving away from the use of rare materials, and employing fully-scalable manufacturing methodologies, for both the silicon and perovskite cells. Enabling the vast installed capacity for silicon cell production to "upgrade" to perovskite tandem technology will accelerate deployment of perovskite-on-silicon tandems in a way that it is not yet possible with current designs. Most importantly, a shift towards scalable tandems will produce a step change in energy capture per metre square as high as 45%rel (from 24% to 35%abs), at a marginal extra cost. Because half the CO2 emissions of PV manufacturing come from silicon production, tandem higher efficiencies greatly reduce the carbon footprint per unit energy generated, potentially to the lowest level of any electricity generating technology to date.

可再生能源的太瓦（TW）部署对于世界实现净零排放至关重要。太阳能发电是最有前途的可再生发电技术之一，拥有最大的可开发资源。为了将太阳能发电提高到TW水平，我们必须加快开发新技术，以实现更高的效率。目前，占主导地位的硅技术已接近其实际效率极限。为了获得更高的性能，必须在所谓的串联架构中采用其他半导体吸收器：其中两个或更多个光吸收器彼此集成在一起，以更好地利用高能可见光子，减少热损失并将更高比例的太阳能转换为电能。在这些新型吸收剂中，混合有机-无机金属卤化物钙钛矿半导体最近取得了前所未有的进展，是集成到串联器件中最有前途的技术。将钙钛矿与硅集成以制造高效率串联已经取得了重大进展，但迄今为止的努力几乎普遍采用高端硅异质结背面电池，这并不代表主流的大规模生产的Si PV技术。在这个项目中，我们将解决基于最低成本的“PERC”和“TOPCon”硅电池的硅基钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池的开发。我们的目标是提供一种新型的串联技术，由于不再使用稀有材料，并采用完全可扩展的制造方法，因此有可能扩展到TW水平，用于硅和钙钛矿电池。使硅电池生产的巨大装机容量能够“升级”到钙钛矿串联技术，将以目前设计尚不可能的方式加速硅上钙钛矿串联的部署。最重要的是，向可扩展串联的转变将使每平方米的能量捕获发生高达45%rel（从24%到35%abs）的阶跃变化，而成本却很低。由于光伏制造业一半的二氧化碳排放来自硅生产，串联效率的提高大大减少了每单位能源产生的碳足迹，可能达到迄今为止任何发电技术的最低水平。