Integrated Control Electronics for Semiconductor Quantum Devices

在实际应用中，量子计算机需要承载数百万个量子比特（量子位），并具有高度的量子比特间连接。目前，基本的固态量子处理器在亚开尔文温度的稀释冰箱中运行，并在室温下由通用经典电子器件控制。为了实现大规模量子硬件，主要的障碍是在经典和量子电子学之间设想有效的互连方法。为此，基于半导体的量子计算机[3-4]可能是有利的，因为控制电子和量子比特都可以集成在同一个芯片上，克服了布线瓶颈。该项目将解决一些挑战，使这种方法可行。首先，需要设计一个功耗极低的控制电子层，以避免加热量子硬件而损害其脆弱的量子态。其次，量子层半导体材料的选择需要仔细考虑。显而易见的选择可能是硅，因为它与集成CMOS电子器件兼容，但其他商业半导体，如碳化硅和锗也将被探索。这将需要在典型的操作条件下，如微波频率驱动和多路复用射频读出，以及在一系列温度和外部磁场下，对不同的量子器件进行表征。研究活动将平衡集成电路（IC）的设计和建模，动手洁净室制造，以及在低温下的实验测量。该学生将参与制作和表征一系列半导体材料的电子设备。主要职责：-设计驱动和读取量子硬件的IC电子器件。-进行低温实验和设备表征。-使用合适的软件（如Matlab， Python等）分析实验数据。-准备提交给同行评审期刊的稿件。-在国内合作机构之间出差，开展部分项目活动F. Arute等人，Nature 574, 505 (2019)[2] L. M. K. Vandersypen等人，npj Quantum Inf. 3,34 (2017)[3] T. F. Watson等人，Nature 555,633 (2018) [4] N. Hendrickx等人，Nature 577,487 （2020）

For practical applications a quantum computer would need to host millions of quantum bits (qubits) with a high degree of inter-qubit connectivity. At present, rudimentary solid-state quantum processors operate in dilution refrigerators at sub-kelvin temperature and are controlled by general-purpose classical electronics at room temperature [1]. In order to enable large-scale quantum hardware, the main hurdle is in envisaging efficient interconnect approaches between classical and quantum electronics [2]. To this end, semiconductor-based quantum computers [3-4] could be advantageous because both the control electronics and the qubits could be integrated on the same chip, overcoming the wiring bottleneck.This project will address some of the challenges to make this approach viable. Firstly, there will be a need to design a control electronics layer with extremely modest power consumption to avoid heating the quantum hardware to the detriment of its fragile quantum states. Secondly, the choice of the semiconductor material for the quantum layer will need to be carefully considered. The obvious choice may be silicon for its compatibility with integrated CMOS electronics, but other commercial semiconductors, such as silicon carbide and germanium will be also explored. This will entail characterisation of different quantum devices in typical operating conditions, such as microwave frequency drive and multiplexed radiofrequency readout, as well as in a range of temperatures and external magnetic fields.The research activities will balance integrated circuit (IC) design and modelling, hands-on cleanroom fabrication, as well as experimental measurements at cryogenic temperatures. The student will be involved in making and characterising electronic devices in a range of semiconductor materials. Main responsibilities:- Design IC electronics to drive and read quantum hardware.- Perform low-temperature experiments and device characterisation. - Analyse experimental data with appropriate software (e.g. Matlab, Python etc.). - Prepare manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals. - Travel domestically across collaborating institutions to carry out part of the project's activities.[1] F. Arute et al., Nature 574, 505 (2019)[2] L. M. K. Vandersypen et al., npj Quantum Inf. 3, 34 (2017)[3] T. F. Watson et al., Nature 555, 633 (2018) [4] N. Hendrickx et al., Nature 577, 487 (2020)