Theorising inter-generational violence between children and parents: A qualitative study in Wales

目的：要理论化的问题，儿童和他们的父母之间的代际暴力，以告知未来的干预开发和evaluation.Background：CPV是一个突出的社会关怀领域的关注，是非常普遍的在英国。慈善机构估计CPV的数字正在增加，尤其是在COVID-19大流行期间，CPV事件从2019年4月1日至2020年5月31日增加了70%。然而，由于CPV的隐蔽性，这种情况很可能被严重低估，CPV与许多不良儿童经历有关，包括家庭暴力和家庭虐待，这对受照料儿童的影响不成比例。儿童不良经历的发生率较高与以后的生活结果较差有关，有证据表明威尔士的不平等程度高于英格兰。参与CPV的儿童也更有可能表现出更广泛的反社会行为模式，这与接触社会护理服务密切相关。CPV还与负面的身体和心理健康后果以及显著的经济成本有关。尽管有不利的健康、社会和经济后果，但这方面的研究仍然很少。目前的研究只集中在英格兰，尽管威尔士的儿童保育率最高，但在威尔士却严重缺乏证据和了解。家长和从业人员提出了围绕CPV制定明确和具体政策的必要性。此外，最近的一个跨学科研讨会，建立一个未来的社会和公共卫生议程的家庭暴力和虐待（DVA）在威尔士的研究（https：//decipher.uk.net/hosting-a-dva-research-workshop-online-what-did-we-learn/）确定了解CPV在威尔士的主要优先事项之一。与利益相关者整合的范围界定审查将试图了解CPV是如何定义的，以及其决定因素和后果是如何理论化和操作化的。转移模型将用于探索在威尔士背景下（WP 1）的适用性。创意和视觉方法将与专业人士，儿童和年轻人和家长一起使用，以探索CPV目前如何在威尔士社会护理，教育和健康背景下进行管理，以及预防和管理CPV（WP 2）所需的内容。最后，将使用MRC框架对数据进行分析和综合，以理论化CPV问题。调查结果将确定基于社区的应对措施（WP 3）的潜在干预组成部分的参数。

Aim: To theorise the problem of inter-generational violence between children and their parents to inform future intervention development and evaluation.Background: CPV is a salient social care area of concern and is highly prevalent in the UK. Charities estimate that figures of CPV are increasing and have been particularly intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, with CPV incidents rising by 70% from 1st April 2019 to 31st May 2020. However, due to the hidden nature of CPV, instances are likely to be significantly under-reported.CPV has been associated with a number of adverse child experiences including domestic violence and abuse in the home, which disproportionately affects children in care. Exposure to higher rates of adverse child experiences relates to poorer outcomes later in life, and evidence suggests greater inequality in Wales than England. Children who engage in CPV are also more likely to present with broader patterns of antisocial behaviour, which are highly linked to contact with social care services. CPV is also associated with negative physical and psychological health consequences, as well as significant economic costs.Despite the adverse health, social and economic sequalae, there remains a paucity of research in this area. Current research focuses solely on England, with a significant lack of evidence and understanding in Wales, despite the highest rates of children in care. Parents and practitioners have raised the need for clear and specific policy around CPV. Additionally, a recent inter-disciplinary workshop, establishing a future social and public health agenda for Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) research in Wales (https://decipher.uk.net/hosting-a-dva-research-workshop-online-what-did-we-learn/) identified understanding CPV as one of the key priorities in Wales.Methodology: The proposed research questions will be addressed through three inter-rated work packages (WP). A scoping review with stakeholder integration will seek to understand how CPV is defined, and how its determinants and consequences are theorised and operationalised. The TRANSFER model will be used to explore applicability in the Welsh Context (WP1). Creative and visual methodology will be used with professionals, children and young people and parents to explore how CPV is currently managed within the Welsh social care, education and health context, as well as what is needed to prevent and manage CPV (WP2). Finally, data will be analysed and synthesised using the MRC framework to theorise the problem of CPV. Findings will identify parameters of potential intervention components for a community-based response (WP3).