Laboratory Analogue of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

在赤道平流层。在5-100hPa15 N-15 S之间，变率的主要来源是一种被称为准两年振荡的东西向风型交替下降。这些纬向风的周期在22到34个月之间，平均为28个月。由于QBO对平流层极地涡旋(Baldwin等人，2021年)、副热带和中纬度急流(Kidston等人，2015年)以及包括MJO在内的热带对流(Son等人，2017年)等广泛现象的直接和间接影响，因此对长期预报具有重要意义。一般来说，东风QBO会增加中纬度低空急流、平流层突然变暖和英国冬季寒冷的可能性，而西风QBO会增加更强急流和更温和但暴风雨的英国冬季的可能性。在赤道对流层顶产生的开尔文重力波、Rossby重力波和较短间隔重力波通过平流层向上传播，相关的波-平均流相互作用产生了振荡模式。对于这些基本机制的理解，现有的理论框架很多，但在当前的突出问题中还存在许多突出的问题。QBO的行为及其基本机制也与其他行星的大气有关。在木星(Li和Read，2000年)和土星(Fuchet等人，2008年)上也观察到了类似的振荡(提出了类似的问题)。

In the equatorial stratosphere. between 5-100 hPa and 15 N-15 S, the dominant source of variability is an alternating pattern of descending eastward and westward wind regimes known as the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO). These zonal winds alternate with a period that varies between 22 and 34 months, averaging 28 months. The QBO is of significant interest to long term forecasting due to its direct and indirect influence on a wide range of phenomena including the stratospheric polar vortex (Baldwin et al., 2021), subtropical and midlatitude jet (Kidston et al., 2015), and tropical convection including the MJO (Son et al., 2017). Generally, an easterly QBO increases the chances of a weak midlatitude jet, sudden stratospheric warmings, and cold winters in the UK, while a westerly QBO increases the chances of a stronger jet and milder but stormier UK winters. Kelvin, Rossby-gravity, and shorter-length interval gravity waves produced at the equatorial tropopause propagate upwards through the stratosphere, and the associated wave-mean flow interaction generates the oscillating pattern. There is much existing theoretical framework for understanding these fundamental mechanisms, but there are many outstanding problems in current outstanding. The behaviour of the QBO and its underlying mechanisms is also relevant to the atmosphere of other planets. Similar oscillations (which pose similar questions) are observed on Jupiter (Li and Read, 2000) and Saturn (Fouchet et al., 2008).