The Migrant Eye: Reactivating the Photographic Past through Archives and Exhibitions in Liverpool and North West England

作为其出发点斯图尔特霍尔的概念的移民和'移民'（1984年）的历史的摄影档案，这个合作的博士项目将调查在利物浦和西北部从c.1930年到现在的移民经验的underexplored照片。“移民之眼”的概念将被询问与移民摄影师的“眼睛”和移民观众的“眼睛”。借鉴蒂娜·坎普（Tina Campt）最近提出的“黑人凝视”理论，这与“主导观看实践”（2021）相对立，我将问是否有一种独特的“移民凝视”，它出现在移民摄影师的作品和移民观众的反应中。“移民凝视”意味着什么？它要求观众做什么？这项研究将使用来自利物浦和西北部摄影档案的案例研究，从而扩大对该地区移民历史的理解。非移民摄影师（包括Edward Chambre Hardman，Bert哈代和Martin Parr）拍摄的利物浦华人社区的图像将通过女权主义和后殖民透镜重新审视，同时在社区和家庭层面形成基层档案。其他案例研究可能会研究拘留和监狱移民制度的图像和社区摄影团体创建的图像。该项目还将与泰特利物浦美术馆合作，创建涉及移民和边缘化背景的公众参与活动，旨在通过移民观众的反应探索“移民凝视”，识别机构外的移民档案，并可能导致共同创建永久档案资源。该项目将与围绕非殖民化档案和边缘化历史的更广泛对话产生共鸣，并有助于发展与多元化和边缘化社区的遗产参与实践。

Taking as its starting point Stuart Hall's notion of a photographic archive of the history of migration and 'migranthood' (1984), this collaborative doctoral project will investigate underexplored photographs of migrant experiences in Liverpool and the North West from c.1930 to the present. The notion of the 'migrant eye' will be interrogated in relation to both the 'eye' of the migrant photographer and the 'eye' of the migrant spectator. Drawing on Tina Campt's recent theorisation of a 'Black gaze' which stands in opposition to 'dominant viewing practice' (2021), I will ask whether there is a distinctive 'migrant gaze' which emerges out of the work of migrant photographers and response of migrant spectators. What does the 'migrant gaze' entail, and what work does it demand of its audiences?This research will use case studies from photography archives based in Liverpool and the North West, thereby expanding an understanding of the history of migration in the region. Images of the Chinese community in Liverpool by non-migrant photographers (including Edward Chambré Hardman, Bert Hardy and Martin Parr) will be viewed anew through a feminist and post-colonial lens, alongside grassroots archives formed at a community and family level. Other case studies may examine images of internment and carceral immigration regimes and images created by community photography groups. In partnership with Tate Liverpool, the project will also create public engagement activities involving people from migrant and marginalised backgrounds, aiming to explore the 'migrant gaze' through the responses of migrant spectators, identify archives of migranthood outside the institution, and potentially lead to the co-creation of a permanent archival resource. This project will resonate with broader conversations around decolonising archives and marginalised histories, and also contribute to developing heritage engagement practices with diverse and marginalised communities.