THE COMMUNITY ADAPTATION OF MILDLY RETARDED PERSONS

轻度弱智者的社区适应。加州大学洛杉矶分校智力迟钝研究中心的社会行为小组在研究文化和种族对智力迟钝/发育迟缓个体、高危儿童和青少年及其家庭适应的影响方面有28年的历史。我们的延续项目有一个共同的重点是青少年和青年在风险人口的过渡。种族多样性正在迅速增加，青少年和青年的过渡时期是机会和风险并存的关键时期。每项研究都结合了复杂的定量和纵向分析，以及定性和人种学的理解。加利莫尔和同事们继续研究导致教育风险拉丁美洲移民青年学校成功的途径。它们包括一个新的组成部分，重点是纵向抽样中那些在学校表现很差（达到使他们有资格接受特殊教育的水平）和有很大辍学风险的儿童。然而，这些儿童大多从未接受过学校或其他服务。Keogh，Weisner和Bernheimer提出了一项对患有MR/DD的青少年和年轻人及其家人进行12至17年随访的综合评估。我们研究青少年和年轻人自己的声音和观点，沿着对这个关键过渡时期家庭关注的研究。家庭和儿童历史中的什么最能解释当前家庭对青少年和青年过渡的适应。Kernan、Tucker和Subramanian重点关注年轻人向成年人的转变，比较了洛杉矶三个非洲裔群体（非洲裔美国人、克里奥尔人和伯利兹加里富纳人）中处于危险中的年轻人和成功的年轻人。我们增加了大卫竹内教授关于福利改革对有MR/DD、LD和相关精神疾病儿童的家庭的影响的重要新研究。从福利到工作的改革将对需要照顾这些儿童的家庭以及儿童本身产生什么影响？政策和干预的优先事项目前集中在其中许多问题上。过渡服务需要有非常广泛的定义。我们的继续解决关键问题，关于如何最好地提供这些服务，以提高儿童的福祉MR/DD，那些在学校和青年工作过渡期间的风险，以及他们的家庭。

The Community Adaptation of Mildly Retarded Persons. The Socio- behavioral Group of the Mental Retardation Research Center at UCLA has a 28 year history of research on the influence of culture and ethnicity on the adaptation of individuals with MR/DD, children and youth at risk, and their families. Our continuation projects have a common focus on adolescent and youth transitions in at-risk populations. Ethnic diversity is increasing rapidly, and teen and youth transitions are critical periods of both opportunity and risk. Each study combines sophistical quantitative and longitudinal analyses, with qualitative and ethnographic understanding. Gallimore and colleagues continue their research on pathways that lead to school success among educationally at-risk Latino immigrant youth. They include a new component focused on those children in their longitudinal sample who are doing very poorly in school (at levels making them eligible for Special Education), and who are at significant risk for dropping out. Yet for the most part, these children have never received school or other services. Keogh, Weisner and Bernheimer proposed a comprehensive assessment of adolescents and young adults with MR/DD and their families who have been followed for 12 to 17 years. We study the voices and perspectives of the teens and young adults themselves, along with a study of family concerns at this critical transition. What in the family and child history best accounts for current family adaptation on teen and youth transitions. Kernan, Tucker, and Subramanian focus on key youth to adult transitions comparing at- risk and successful youth in three African-descended groups in Los Angeles (African-American, Creoles, and Belizean Garifuna). We have added an important new study by Prof. David Takeuchi on the impact on welfare reform on families with children with MR/DD, LD, and related mental illness. What will be the impact of welfare-to-work reforms on families faced with the need to care for these children, and on the children themselves? Policy and intervention priorities are currently focused on many of these issues. Transition services need to be very broadly defined. Our continuation addresses critical questions regarding how such services should best be provided to enhance the well-being of children with MR/DD, those at risk during school and youth to work transitions, and their families.