Body Image, Tanning Intentions, and Tanning Behavior

描述(由申请人提供)：了解日光浴和室内日光浴的动机是一个极其重要的公共卫生问题。近年来，皮肤癌的发病率急剧上升，研究表明，通过日光浴以及太阳灯和日光浴床的使用，暴露在皮肤中的人数也在增加。这种行为的动机一直被认为与外表担忧有关，但很少有研究调查诸如社会对晒黑的态度、与外表相关的动机以及身体形象(即外表)的不满等变量。提出了两项研究，即详细的测量开发和模型测试，以预测室内日光浴、日光浴和防晒意图和行为。研究1涉及到对晒黑外表的影响和动机的多维测量的初步开发。研究2将交叉验证研究1中获得的测量，还将检查新的晒黑程度、总体外观满意度、皮肤癌风险易感性与室内晒黑、日光浴和使用防晒策略之间的关系。一个预期的组成部分也将是研究2的一部分，其中室内日光浴、日光浴和防晒行为将在6个月的随访中进行评估。结构方程模型将被用来测试一个模型，该模型评估晒黑外观因素、总体外观满意度、风险易感性和意图(室内晒黑、日光浴、防晒)对预测行为(室内晒黑、日光浴、防晒)的直接和中介影响。这些调查的结果应该会产生与开发新的预防和早期干预计划相关的重要信息，旨在降低皮肤癌的风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the motives for sunbathing and indoor tanning is an extremely important public health issue. Skin cancer rates have increased dramatically in recent years and research has indicated a parallel increase in exposure via sunbathing and utilization of sun lamps and tanning beds. Motives for such behaviors have been thought to be related to appearance concerns, yet little research has examined variables such as societal attitudes toward tanning, appearance-related motives, and body image (i.e., appearance) dissatisfaction. Two studies are proposed that detail measurement development and model testing to predict indoor tanning, sunbathing, and sun-protection intentions and behaviors. Study 1 involves the initial development of a multidimensional measure of tan appearance influences and motives. Study 2 will cross validate the measure obtained in Study 1 and also examine the relations among the new tan appearance scale, general appearance satisfaction, skin cancer risk susceptibility and intentions to indoor tan, sunbathe, and use sun-protection strategies. A prospective component will also be part of Study 2, whereby indoor tanning, sunbathing, and sun-protection behaviors will be assessed at six-month follow-up. Structural equation modeling will be used to test a model evaluating the direct and mediated effects of tan appearance factors, general appearance satisfaction, risk susceptibility, and intentions (indoor tanning, sunbathing, sun-protection) on predicting behaviors (indoor tanning, sunbathing, sun protection). The findings from these investigations should yield important information relevant to the development of novel prevention and early intervention programs geared toward the reduction of skin cancer risk.