Contextual Influences on Visual Attention and Perception

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的视觉世界是复杂的，处于不断变化的状态，随着时间和空间的变化而变化。情境信息，如期望、当前知识和感官环境中的规律，与选择性注意相互作用，促进我们对感官世界的处理，并最终形成连贯和适应性的人类行为。本研究旨在探讨在有限处理能力条件下，语境信息如何影响视觉注意的部署。实验1的目的是考察外显情境线索的影响；这些是我们所知道的环境中的线索，让系统动态地为即将到来的信息做好准备。本实验采用了对典型的双任务范式的一种新颖的修正，该范式用于研究注意眨眼（AB），其中第一目标作为第二目标身份的线索。重要的是，本实验将弥合双任务和任务切换文献之间存在的关键理论差距。实验2的目的是考察内隐语境线索对学生的影响；这些是我们不知道的环境中的线索，让系统动态地为即将到来的信息做好准备。虽然这个实验使用了与第一个实验相同的基本设计，但第一个目标和第二个目标之间的关系不会向被试揭示。除了提供更多关于上下文如何在双任务情况下重新配置系统的信息外，该实验还将深入了解注意力和记忆之间的关系。这两项研究的目的是，通过严格调查视觉环境来源和选择性注意之间的相互作用，更好地理解有意识的行为将会实现。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our visual world is complex and is in a continual state of flux, changing over time and space. Contextual information, such as expectations, current knowledge, and regularities in the sensory environment, interacts with selective attention to facilitate processing of our sensory world and, ultimately, coherent and adaptive human behavior. The research proposed here is aimed at investigating how contextual information influences the deployment of visual attention under conditions of limited capacity processing. The aim of Experiment 1 is to investigate the influence of explicit contextual cues; those are cues in the environment of which we are aware, on preparing the system dynamically for upcoming information. This experiment uses a novel modification of the typical dual-task paradigm used to study the attentional blink (AB), in which the first target serves as a cue to the identity of the second target. Critically, this experiment will bridge a key theoretical gap that exists between the dual-task and task-switching literatures. The aim of Experiment 2 is to investigate the influence of implicit contextual cues; those are cues in the environment of which we are not aware, on preparing the system dynamically for upcoming information. Although, this experiment uses the same basic design as the first, the relationship between the first and the second targets will not be revealed to the subjects. In addition to providing more information about how the context can reconfigure the system in a dual-task situation, this experiment will also provide insight on the relationship between attention and memory. The intention of both studies is that by rigorously investigating the interaction between sources of visual context and selective attention, a better understanding of conscious behavior will be achieved.