Understanding Countering Terrorism Policies in Global South: A Case Study of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

虽然反恐和反激进化政策主要是在西方发展起来的，以西方原则为基础，并根据西方背景进行调整，但在全球南部地区越来越多地转换和应用反恐怖主义和反激进主义政策，几乎没有考虑到对其目标社区的社会、经济、法律和政治影响。该项目通过对孟加拉国的库图帕隆难民营(世界上最大的难民营)和特克纳夫难民营的反恐措施进行丰富的案例研究，探讨了这一转移及其对弱势个人和社区生活的影响。孟加拉国的罗辛亚难民营经常被政策制定者、安全官员和孟加拉国主流媒体称为“恐怖主义的温床”或“对国家安全的威胁”(Rashid，2019)。然而，这种说法往往是在没有正当理由的情况下进行的，而且缺乏对难民营中的恐怖主义、激进主义或暴力极端主义(VE)的科学研究。我的研究将以孟加拉国难民营中罗辛亚人的生活和经历为中心，了解他们通过反恐和反暴力极端主义(CVE)措施实现证券化的社会和政治影响。其中许多人缺乏难民身份和相关保护。它提出了两个问题：(1)如何在罗辛亚难民营实施反酷刑和反暴力措施？(2)生活在难民营中的个人和社区如何看待和体验这些措施及其执行？我的研究将采用“白话化”的方法，运用话语分析、人种学观察和访谈来探索难民、工作人员和其他生活在难民营中的人的日常理解和经历。通过三年的专业经验才能接触到这些信息：一年在保护局的难民营中工作，担任监测人员；两年在英国驻孟加拉国外交使团担任预防暴力极端主义(PVE)研究员。这项研究将有助于在关键安全和关键恐怖主义研究(CTS)范围内开展的当代工作：(1)经验性地--通过对未充分探索的案例研究进行初步研究；(2)分析--通过集中反恐政策的非西方主体的经验；(3)理论上--在我的经验性研究完成后，重新理论性反恐政策及其影响。

Although primarily developed in the West, grounded upon Western principles and adjusted to Western contexts, counter-terrorism (CT) and anti-radicalisation policies are increasingly translated and applied in the Global South, with little consideration of the social, economic, legal, and political implications upon their targeted communities. This project explores this transfer and its implications for the lives of vulnerable individuals and communities through a descriptively rich case study of counter-terrorism measures in the Rohnigya refugee camps in Bangladesh: Kutupalong camp (world's largest refugee camp) and the camps in Teknaf. Rohingya camps in Bangladesh are frequently termed a "breeding ground for terrorism" or a "threat to national security" by policymakers, security officials, and Bangladesh mainstream media (Rashid, 2019). Yet, such narratives are often deployed without justification and in the absence of scientific research on terrorism, radicalisation or violent extremism (VE) in the camps. My research will centre the lives and experiences of Rohingya people within the Bangladesh camps, many of whom lack refugee status and associated protections, to understand the social and political implications of their securitisation through counter-terrorism and counter violent extremism (CVE) measures. It asks two questions: (i) How are CT and CVE measures implemented in the Rohingya refugee camps? (ii) How do individuals and communities living in the camps perceive and experience these measures and their implementation? My research will employ a 'vernacular' approach, deploying discourse analysis, ethnographic observation and interviews to explore the everyday understandings and experiences of refugees, staff and others living in the camp. Access to these is made possible via three years of professional experience: one year working in the camps within the Protection monitoring staff, and two years as a preventing violent extremism (PVE) researcher at the UK diplomatic mission in Bangladesh. The research will contribute to contemporary work within critical security and critical terrorism studies (CTS) (i) empirically - through primary research into an underexplored case study; (ii) analytically - through centring the experiences of non-Western subjects of counter-terrorism policy; and (iii) theoretically - through retheorising counter-terrorism policy and its implications following completion of my empirical research.