Speech Production & Language

描述(由申请人提供)：研究表明植入 先天聋儿促进言语能力发展 沟通。言语和语言发展的理论更早地预言了 植入应该改善言语和语言的益处 此外，语言和语言发展方面的增长应该是 当孩子接近青春期时，他们会受到约束。第一个纵向研究 我将评估言语、语言和听觉的几项指标，如 在婴儿期使用助听器的益处指数。我们的目标是 这些措施最终可能有助于确定植入物的候选资格。 建议进行另外两项纵向研究，以检验 在患有耳蜗症的儿童中表现出发育方面的限制 植入物。一项研究将跟踪植入12个月至36个月的儿童 已经24个月了。在这段时间里，我们计划监控他们的言论， 语言和听觉知觉的发展，以确定是否更早 植入影响生长速度和24个月后刺激后的成绩 级别。第二项纵向研究涉及患有AT的儿童和青少年。 至少10年的植入物经验。我们计划研究语音和语音的增长 刺激后5到至少10年的语言；我们还将检查 刺激后10年的成就以确定是否有限度 长期增长。我们还将审查长期成就在多大程度上 水平接近听力正常的青少年和成年人的水平。这个 植入对言语产生和语言发展的好处也 结果导致了一项预测，即阅读和阅读能力将会有后续的提高 这些孩子在学业上的总体成就。早期阅读成就 二年级及以后的阅读和十年级的学业成绩将 在两项横断面研究中进行检查。最后，成就水平 植入物使用者的言语和语言发展似乎超过了研究发现 在许多听力较好的儿童中佩戴助听器。一个 横断面设计将比较学龄期植入物使用者和 是助听器的使用者。据预测，植入物使用者将会有更好的 言语和语言比助听器使用者的听力水平低。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research has shown that implantation of congenitally deaf children accelerates their development of speech-based communication. Theories of speech and language development predict that earlier implantation should provide improved benefits for speech and language development, and also, that growth in speech and language development should be constrained as the child approaches adolescence. The first longitudinal study will evaluate several measures of speech, language, and auditory perception as indices of benefit from hearing aid use during infancy. It is our goal that these measures may ultimately help determine implant candidacy. Two additional longitudinal studies are proposed that will test whether there are constraints on development that can be shown among children with cochlear implants. One study will follow children implanted between 12- and 36- months old for 24 months. During this time period we plan to monitor their speech, language, and auditory perceptual development in order to determine if earlier implantation affects growth rates and 24-month, post-stimulation, achievement levels. The second longitudinal study concerns children and adolescents with at least 10 years of implant experience. We plan to examine growth in speech and language from 5 to at least 10 years post-stimulation; we will also examine achievement at 10 years post-stimulation to determine if there are limits to long-term growth. We will also examine the extent to which long-term achievement levels approach levels found in normal-hearing adolescents and adults. The benefits of implantation on speech production and language development also result in a prediction that there will be subsequent gains in reading and general scholastic achievement among these children. Early reading achievement in second grade and later reading and scholastic achievement in 10th grade will be examined in two cross-sectional studies. Finally, achievement levels of speech and language development among implant users appears to exceed that found in many children with more acoustic hearing who wear hearing aids. A cross-sectional design will compare school-age implant users with age-mates who are hearing aid users. It is predicted that implant users will have better speech and language than hearing aid users with low audibility levels.