Developmental Studies in Children

儿童发展研究

• 批准号: 7424006
• 负责人: James Bruce Tomblin
• 金额: $ 26.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7424006
• 关键词: Age-Months; Area; Auditory; Bilateral; Categories; Child; Childhood; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Communities; Cues; Data; Development; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Implant; Individual; Infant; Language; Language Development; Learning; Life; Memory; Modeling; Occupational; Outcome; Outcome Study; Perception; Property; Recording of previous events; Research; Schools; Series; Signal Transduction; Societies; Speech; Speech Perception; System; Vocabulary; cognitive system; experience; implantation; infancy; interest; long term memory; member; phonology; preference; procedural memory; social; young adult

We provide cochlear implants (CIs) to young children who are deaf to alter their developmental course with regard to listening, speaking, learning, and socializing. The intended ultimate result in for the child to grow into a competent member of the hearing society. The brief history of developmental Cl research has shown that pediatric Cl users achieve substantial benefits in most of these areas. One set of studies proposed in this project aims to continue evaluating the outcomes of current and emerging practices of cochlear implantation. Our interests in current practices focus on whether the initial advantages of implantation early in life persist into the implant users' middle-school years. We will also focus on whether young adults implanted in childhood attain many of the social, occupational, and personal outcomes found among hearing individuals. Furthermore, we will examine whether some of these individuals identify with the Deaf community exclusively or with the hearing community as well. Within these studies, we will also examine the benefits of new practices in cochlear implantation. Specifically, we will examine whether bilateral implantation in infancy provides benefits to listening, speech, and language learning. Finally, we will evaluate if implantation before 12 months of age provides additional advantages to speech, language, and listening development compared to implantation after 12 months of age. A second set of studies shift away from outcome studies. These studies are concerned with advancing our understanding of the basic perceptual and cognitive systems that influence (and emerge) from a child's experiences with her Cl. The auditory experiences of the deaf child who receives a Cl appear to be superficially sufficient for the development of functional speech perception and spoken language. However, these children have qualitatively different auditory abilities and experiences that are likely to result in important differences in their development of speech perception. These children's abilities to perceive and employ properties of the speech signal subsequently bootstrap their language learning, and the development of memory systems involving phonological short-term and long-term memory that are important in language learning. A series of studies will examine how well infant Cl users develop preferences for properties of speech that have been shown to be salient to hearing infants. The manner in which phonemic categories are formed and subphonemic cues are used in perception will also be examined in these children. Finally, a model of the relationships between speech perception, short-term phonological memory, long-term phonological procedural memory, and declarative memory and early word learning will be examined in these children. These data will be later used to predict longer-term vocabulary development.

我们为失聪儿童提供人工耳蜗，以改变他们的发育过程 在听，说，学习和社交方面。预期的最终结果是让孩子 成长为一个有能力的听证会成员。发展性氯离子研究的简要历史 表明儿科CI使用者在这些领域中的大多数方面都获得了实质性的益处。一组研究 本项目提出的建议旨在继续评估当前和新出现的做法的成果， 人工耳蜗植入我们对当前实践的兴趣集中在以下方面： 早期植入持续到植入者的中学时期。我们还将重点关注 在童年时代植入的年轻人获得了许多社会，职业和个人成果， 听力正常的人。此外，我们将研究其中一些人是否认同 专门针对聋人社区或与听力社区合作。在这些研究中，我们还将 研究人工耳蜗植入新实践的益处。具体来说，我们将研究 婴儿期的双侧植入对听力、言语和语言学习有益。最后我们将 评估12个月龄前植入是否为言语、语言和 听力发育与植入12个月后的听力发育相比。 第二组研究远离结果研究。这些研究关注的是促进 我们对影响（并出现）儿童的基本感知和认知系统的理解 与她的经历Cl。接受CL的聋儿的听觉体验似乎是 表面上足以发展功能性言语感知和口语。然而，在这方面， 这些孩子有不同的听觉能力和经验，可能会导致 他们在言语感知发展方面的重要差异。这些孩子的感知能力和 利用语音信号的特性，随后引导他们的语言学习， 记忆系统包括语音短期和长期记忆，在语言中很重要 学习一系列的研究将考察婴儿氯使用者如何发展对 对听力正常的婴儿来说是很明显的。音位分类的方式 在这些儿童中，也将检查形成和亚音素线索在感知中的作用。最后 言语知觉、短时语音记忆、长时语音记忆 语音程序记忆，陈述性记忆和早期单词学习将在这些 孩子这些数据将用于预测长期的词汇发展。