Effects of Cigarette Prices on Drinking Patterns by Demographic Group

描述(由申请人提供)： 项目摘要这项建议通过扩大对政策如何减少有害饮酒的了解，为国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所的使命做出了贡献。具体地说，这项研究的目的是1)调查国家卷烟价格的变化是否影响当前吸烟，2)确定价格对吸烟的影响是否因性别、年龄、贫困状况、种族和民族而异，3)调查国家卷烟价格变化(通过消费税)对当前、狂欢和酗酒模式的影响，以及4)确定国家卷烟价格对当前、狂欢和重度饮酒的影响是否因性别、年龄、贫困状况、种族和民族而异。本研究以消费需求经济学理论和社会生态理论为指导。需求理论认为，一种商品(香烟)价格的上涨将减少该商品的消费。此外，如果两种商品是互补的，该商品的价格上涨将减少另一种商品(酒精)的消费，而如果另一种商品是替代品，则增加另一种商品的消费。这就是所谓的交叉价格效应。社会生态学理论认为，人类行为受到个体(如人口)和环境(如政策)因素在多个层面上相互作用的影响。社会生态学理论为理解性别、年龄、贫困状况和种族/民族对价格反应差异的潜在原因提供了指导。六年的横断面数据将从2001-2006年行为风险因素监测系统调查(BRFSS)中汇集起来，这是一项具有全国代表性的家庭电话调查，每年对18岁及以上的成年人进行随机抽样。主要的因变量是当前吸烟和当前、酗酒和酗酒。主要的解释变量是卷烟平均价格，它因州和年份而异。将估计一系列多变量Logistic回归，其中包括状态固定效应，以解决影响饮酒的特征中可能未被观察到的状态差异。个人人口统计变量、州酒精政策和经济指标将被纳入控制范围。 公共卫生相关性： 在美国，酒精和烟草的使用与巨大的健康和经济成本有关，通过征税提高这些产品的价格是减少它们各自使用的一个行之有效的策略。由于近25%的美国人同时饮酒和吸烟，了解最近通过税收大幅上涨的香烟价格是否以及如何影响饮酒模式是很重要的。了解人口群体的不同影响也很重要，以便影响国家健康的方案和政策决策可能更好、更公平地得到信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): PROJECT SUMMARY This proposal contributes to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's mission by expanding knowledge about how policy may reduce harmful drinking. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to 1) investigate whether changes in state cigarette prices impact current smoking, 2) determine whether price effects on smoking vary by gender, age, poverty status, race and ethnicity, 3) investigate the effects of changes in state cigarette prices (through excise taxation) on current, binge, and heavy alcohol drinking patterns, and 4) determine whether effects of state cigarette prices on current, binge, and heavy drinking vary by gender, age, poverty status, race, and ethnicity. This research is guided by the economic theory of consumer demand and social ecological theory. Demand theory holds that an increase in the price of a good (cigarettes) will decrease the consumption of that good. Also, an increase in the price of that good will decrease consumption of another good (alcohol) if the two goods are complements, and increase consumption of the other good if they are substitutes. This is known as a cross-price effect. Social ecological theory maintains that human behavior is influenced by the interaction of individual (e.g. demographic) and environmental (e.g. policy) factors at multiple levels. Social ecological theory provides guidance for understanding potential reasons for differences in response to price by gender, age, poverty status, and race/ethnicity. Six years of cross sectional data will be pooled from the 2001-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys (BRFSS), a nationally representative household telephone survey conducted annually with a random sample of adults 18 years of age and older. The main dependent variables are current smoking and current, binge, and heavy drinking. The main explanatory variable is average cigarette price, which varies by state and year. A series of multivariate logistic regressions will be estimated that incorporate state fixed effects to address possible unobserved state differences in characteristics affecting drinking. Individual demographic variables, state alcohol policies and economic indicators will be included as controls. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: PROJECT NARRATIVE Alcohol and tobacco use are related to enormous health and economic costs in the U.S., and raising prices on these products through taxation is a proven strategy to reduce their respective use. As nearly 25% of Americans use alcohol and cigarettes concurrently, it is important to know whether and how recent large increases in cigarette prices through taxation may impact alcohol drinking patterns. Differential impacts by demographic group are also important to understand so that program and policy decisions affecting the health of the nation may be better, and more equitably, informed.