Blending The Space Between Species: Can We Talk About The Things That Animals Make?

目的：探索在讨论非人类动物的物质文化时使用的语言，并生成一个知情的学术语言参考数据库，以帮助政策制定非人类动物是否获得法人资格。目标：1)绘制应用艺术、法律、生物科学和人类学交叉学科的地图，并记录有关非人类动物和它们制造的东西的常用语言。2)在这些交集中找出由于词汇不足而引起的交流困难。3)识别可迁移语言并生成知情术语数据库。许多非人类动物都有丰富的物质文化：制造和使用工具，睡觉的物体，甚至乐器。最新的研究表明，新喀里多尼乌鸦的钩子工具（Klump等人，2019），黑猩猩的六块蜂蜜狩猎工具包（Boesch等人，2009），猩猩的树叶改变声音（BBC Earth, 2009），甚至章鱼盔甲（The octopus In My House, 2019）。非人类动物的生产现在已经被广泛应用，而不仅仅是人类动物的生产。什么是一个合适的，多学科的，泛全球的语言来讨论：1)博物馆和机构重构和修改现有文物的文化地位，同时教育公众？2)从事栖息地保护、动物福利和创意产权的律师？3)与盗猎者、收藏家和濒危物种走私者斗争的尸体？动物行为学家弗兰斯·德瓦尔（Frans De Waal）提倡以人类为中心的重新调整，他问道：“我们是否聪明到足以知道动物有多聪明？（De Waal, 2017）。我们应该同时问，“我们能谈谈动物制造的东西吗？”当非人类动物制造时，什么语言适合抽象思维（Seed, 2010）和审美偏好（Rothenberg, 2011） ？新喀里多尼亚乌鸦在制作工具时体验满足感（Klump等人，2019）：正如物质文化作家Peter Korn所指出的那样，这是应用艺术的核心原则（Korn, 2013）。哲学家托马斯·库恩指出，当科学学科的范式受到质疑时，危机就会随之而来（斯坦福大学，2016）。动物行为学家理查德·道金斯（Richard Dawkins）这样描述这些危机：“要么整个谱系都必须被赋予充分的人权（黑猩猩的投票权），要么就必须有一个精心设计的种族隔离式歧视性法律体系。”（Dormer, 1990）将一种有见地的语言过滤到公共领域远比使用可能被误用和误用的歧视性种族隔离制度词汇要好得多。原创性贡献原创性的、泛全球的、平等的语言参考数据库将有助于应用艺术、人类学、生物科学、公共和法律之间的知识交流。它可以减少在讨论濒危物种，它们的制作和生物多样性崩塌时的困惑。它将挑战Homo Faber的设计和制作参数。

Aim: To explore the language used when discussing the material culture of non human animals and you generate a reference database of informed academic language to aid policy making should non human animals gain legal personhood. Objectives:1) To map applied arts, law, biological science and anthropological disciplinary intersections and note used language in reference to nonhuman animals and the things they make.2) To identify communication difficulties arising from lexical inadequacy within these intersections.3) To identify transferable language and generate a database of informed terms.Many nonhuman animals have rich material cultures: manufacturing and using tools, objects to sleep in and even musical instruments. The latest research evidences hook tools of New Caledonian crows (Klump, et al., 2019), six-piece, honey-hunting kits of chimpanzees (Boesch, et al., 2009), voice-altering collections of leaves by orangutans (BBC Earth, 2009) and even octopus armour (The Octopus In My House, 2019). Making by nonhuman animals is now revealing itself to be widely practiced rather than solely the provision of the human animal. Research Questions What is an appropriate, multi-disciplinary, pan-global language for discussions by:1) Museums and institutions reframing and revising the cultural status of existing artefacts whilst concurrently educating the public? 2) Lawyers practicing in habitat protection, animal welfare and creative property rights? 3) Bodies battling poachers, collectors and traffickers of endangered species?Literature ReviewAnimal behaviourist, Frans De Waal, advocates anthropocentric realignment, asking, 'Are we smart enough to know how smart animals are?' (De Waal, 2017). We should ask concurrently, 'Can we talk about the things that animals make?' What language is appropriate for the abstract thought (Seed, 2010) and aesthetic preferences displayed (Rothenberg, 2011) when nonhuman animals make?New Caledonian crows experience fulfilment whilst making tools (Klump, et al., 2019): a core applied arts' principle, as material culture writer, Peter Korn, notes (Korn, 2013). Philosopher, Thomas Kuhn, stated that crises ensue when scientific disciplines' paradigms are questioned (Stanford University, 2016). Ethologist, Richard Dawkins, described these crises thus 'Either the whole spectrum would have to be granted full human rights (Votes for Chimps) or there would have to be an elaborate apartheid-like system of discriminatory laws.' (Dormer, 1990) It is far preferable to filter an informed language into the public domain, than a discriminatory apartheid-system lexicon that could be misused and misapplied. Original ContributionAn original, pan-global, egalitarian language reference database will contribute to the knowledge communication between the applied arts, anthropology, biological sciences, public and law. It could reduce confusion when discussing endangered species, their making and biodiversity collapse of their materials library. It would challenge the parameters of design and making for Homo Faber.