Why help? Understanding the role of children and young people in preventing sexual violence as bystanders in England.

对儿童的性暴力对儿童和年轻人具有深远的长期后果(英国政府，2015年)。儿童可能是性暴力的受害者、实施者或旁观者，有时甚至是同时发生的(Hoefnagels&Zwikker，2001)。通过一项涉及漫画片段的定性和参与性研究设计，这项研究将寻求开发一个新的框架，以了解影响英格兰青少年(14-17岁)是否以及如何防止作为旁观者的儿童遭受性暴力的障碍和促进者。青少年采取旁观者行动的障碍和促进者因旁观者与犯罪者和受害者的关系而异。这项研究将通过将模型应用于对儿童性暴力的应用来解决关于旁观者干预的文献中的空白，到目前为止，这一问题一直没有得到充分的研究(NSPCC，2015)。值得注意的是，儿童是虐待儿童的最常见的旁观者，但他们确实参与了有关儿童虐待的研究(Hoefnagels&Zwikker，2001)。因此，这项研究将促进对认识到年轻人与性暴力预防干预和研究有关的机构的知识。在这一点上，该项目对年轻人被动驱逐的主流观点提出了批评。最后，这项研究旨在通过青年本身的视角，为理解青年在预防对儿童的性暴力方面的作用贡献适用的学术政策和实践相关见解。

Sexual violence against children has profound long-termconsequences on children and young people (UK Government,2015). Children may be victims, perpetrators or bystanders tosexual violence, sometimes even concurrently (Hoefnagels &Zwikker, 2001). Through a qualitative and participatoryresearch design involving comic-based vignettes, this study willseek to develop a new framework for understanding thebarriers and facilitators that influence whether and how youngpeople (14-17 years old) in England may prevent sexualviolence against children as bystanders. Barriers andfacilitators to bystander action of young people vary dependingon the relationship of the bystander to the offender and thevictim. This study will address gaps in the literature onbystander intervention by extending the application of themodel to sexual violence against children, an issue which hasbeen understudied thus far (NSPCC, 2015). Notably, childrenare the most common bystanders of child abuse yet they arerarely involved in research about it (Hoefnagels & Zwikker,2001). Thus, the study will advance knowledge on recognisingyoung people's agency related to sexual violence preventioninterventions and research. In this, the project criticallychallenges the dominant discourse on young people's passivevictimisation. Finally, the study aims to contribute appliedacademic policy and practice relevant insights onunderstanding young people's roles related to the prevention ofsexual violence against children through the perspective ofyoung people themselves.